Cultural Models Of Supervision-Interdiciplinary Study
Juliet Mcmullin, Professor
University Of California Riverside 900 University Ave Riverside, Ca 92521
Grant 1R01HD050637-01A2 from National Institute Of Child Health And Human Development IRG: CIHB
Keywords: injury, model, Hispanic American, attitude, behavior, child health care personnel, child rearing, children, community, concept, counseling, death, environment, epidemiology, health, health care, injury prevention, interview, lead, nurse, nursing, parent, perception, physician, prevention, psychology, reduction, sociology /anthropology, clinical research
Project start date: 2007-04-01
Project end date: 2011-01-31
1R01HD050637-01A2 (2007): $325042
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Grants awarded to Juliet Mcmullin
CULTURAL MODELS OF SUPERVISION-INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY
Juliet Mcmullin, Associate Professor
University Of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, Ca 92521
Grant 5R01HD050637-04 from Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health & Human Development
Abstract: The CDC Research Agenda states, "Supervision is generally considered one of the strongest yet least understood protective factors against many types of home and community injuries." This statement highlights the paradox of the concept of supervision. The absence of supervision has frequently been cited as a contributing factor for injury. Yet, it is unclear what this concept means to the health professionals who recommend supervision as an injury prevention strategy or to parents who must implement the strategies. Recent studies have also noted lower rates of pediatric injury among Latino children compared to Non-Latino Whites. The explanation of these findings is unclear. This study will use the combined approaches and methods of anthropology, injury epidemiology, and observational research to explore concepts and behaviors regarding supervision for injury prevention. Considering the current lack of understanding of what constitutes effective supervision for preventing injury, it is vital that we define cultural models to lay a foundation for enhancing "supervision" as an injury prevention strategy. The overall goals of this study are to 1) determine the cultural meaning of supervision; 2) determine if there is a shared cultural model(s) regarding supervision for injury prevention among the following groups health professionals, Latina mothers and non-Latina white mothers; 3) determine if the model(s) is consistent with field observations of supervision in the context of injury hazards in the natural environment; 4) determine if deviation from the model(s) predicts inappropriate supervision for injury prevention; and 5) establish if the cultural model(s) can be used to guide anticipatory counseling in the health care setting. In-depth ethnographic interviews will be conducted with Spanish and English speaking Latina mothers, non-Latina White mothers, pediatricians and nurses. Cultural consensus methods will be used to determine if there is a shared cultural meaning of supervision as an injury prevention strategy. Drowning and pedestrian injuries are leading causes of death for toddlers for which supervision is a critical prevention strategy. Observations of parents supervising toddlers near these serious injury hazards in a park will be conducted and compared to the cultural model. Small group discussions with mothers and health professionals will be conducted to validate our findings and operationalize concepts of supervision. These findings will enhance understanding of supervision concepts that are necessary for developing culturally appropriate injury prevention interventions and strategies
Keywords: 0-11 years old; Accidental Injury; Acculturation; Acculturations; Agreement; Anthropology; Attitude; Behavior; CDC; Care, Health; Cause of Death; Centers for Disease Control; Centers for Disease Control (U.S.); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Child; Child Development; Child Youth; Childhood; Children (0-21); Communities; Consensus; Counseling; Cultural Assimilation; Data; Drowning; Environment; Epidemiology; Ethnography; Foundations; Goals; Health Care Professional; Health Professional; Health Psychology; Health profession; Healthcare; Healthcare professional; Healthcare worker; Home; Home environment; Human, Child; Individual; Infant and Child Development; Injury; Interdisciplinary Research; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; Intervention Strategies; Interview; Investigators; Knowledge; Latina; Latino; Methods; Modeling; Mothers; Multidisciplinary Collaboration; Multidisciplinary Research; Nurses; Parents; Pattern; Perception; Personnel, Nursing; Prevention strategy; Preventive Intervention; Preventive strategy; Programs (PT); Programs [Publication Type]; Psychology, Health; Research; Research Personnel; Researchers; Safety; Severities; Study, Interdisciplinary; Supervision; System; System, LOINC Axis 4; Testing; Toddler; Unintentional Injury; United States Centers for Disease Control; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; children; cultural values; ethnographic; experiment; experimental research; experimental study; hazard; injury prevention; interdisciplinary approach; interventional strategy; pedestrian injury; pediatric; pediatrician; prevent; preventing; preventional intervention strategy; programs; research study; youngster
Project start date: 2007-04-01
Project end date: 2011-01-31
Budget start date: 1-FEB-2010
Budget end date: 31-JAN-2011
5R01HD050637-04 (2010): $281456
PEDIATRIC INJURIES: ROLE OF EPIDEMOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
Juliet Mcmullin, Professor
University Of California Irvine Irvine, Ca 926977600
Grant 5R01HD034483-03 from National Institute Of Child Health And Human Development IRG: BEM
Abstract: Risk management is a major responsibility of parents in providing for safety of their young children. This involves recognizing who is at risk and under what conditions they are at risk, accessing and utilizing safety devices, structuring the environment to minimize risks and providing supervision. The extent to which parents take appropriate preventive measures depends upon parents perception of injuries and injury risks, as well as motivations for action within a sociocultural context. This study builds upon the investigators previous studies documenting differentials in risk of injury and causes of injury between recent immigrant Mexican, acculturated Mexican American and non-Hispanic white children. The proposed study will merge ethnographic and epidemiologic research designs, methods of data collection and analysis, and interpretive insights to provide an improved understanding of the factors underlying childhood injuries in these populations. The overall goals of this project are to test the following hypotheses 1) parents provide reliable and accurate information and facts in respect to variables used in injury research; 2) parental beliefs and perceptions regarding injury causation, responsibility, risks and effective injury prevention measures differ from the actual situations in which childhood injuries occur; 3) parental perceptions and attitudes regarding injury causation, responsibility and effective injury prevention measures differ by ethnicity and level of acculturation; and, 4) differences and attitudes by ethnicity and level of acculturation result in differences in rates and leading causes of injury. This study has three components. The first will adapt, link and utilize epidemiologic data from the investigators studies to address the strengths and limitations of various data sources, will examine the degree of ecologic bias in small area analyses using census data, and will develop an epidemiologic model of childhood injury. The second component will determine cultural values, beliefs, perceptions and knowledge regarding injury risk, supervision, and capabilities of children by acculturation and ethnicity using ethnographic methodology. the third component will compare the ethnographic data with the injury epidemiology data from the same population. By using this combined approach, epidemiology will provide quantitative estimates of risk while ethnography will explain culturally embedded risk factors and perceptions and their potential significance to the etiology and prevention of childhood injuries. The results of this research will define more precisely who should be targeted for specific interventions and how the interventions should be structured to maximize their effectiveness.
Keywords: epidemiology, ethnic group, injury, parent offspring interaction, pediatrics, accident, culture, data collection methodology /evaluation, disease /disorder proneness /risk, racial /ethnic difference, socioenvironment, Mexican American, behavioral /social science research tag, caucasian American, clinical research, human subject
Project start date: 1996-09-01
Project end date: 2001-08-31
5R01HD034483-03 (1998): $257728
PEDIATRIC INJURIES: ROLE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
Juliet Mcmullin, Professor
University Of California Irvine Irvine, Ca 926977600
Grant 5R01HD034483-02 from National Institute Of Child Health And Human Development IRG: BEM
Abstract: Risk management is a major responsibility of parents in providing for safety of their young children. This involves recognizing who is at risk and under what conditions they are at risk, accessing and utilizing safety devices, structuring the environment to minimize risks and providing supervision. The extent to which parents take appropriate preventive measures depends upon parents perception of injuries and injury risks, as well as motivations for action within a sociocultural context. This study builds upon the investigators previous studies documenting differentials in risk of injury and causes of injury between recent immigrant Mexican, acculturated Mexican American and non-Hispanic white children. The proposed study will merge ethnographic and epidemiologic research designs, methods of data collection and analysis, and interpretive insights to provide an improved understanding of the factors underlying childhood injuries in these populations. The overall goals of this project are to test the following hypotheses 1) parents provide reliable and accurate information and facts in respect to variables used in injury research; 2) parental beliefs and perceptions regarding injury causation, responsibility, risks and effective injury prevention measures differ from the actual situations in which childhood injuries occur; 3) parental perceptions and attitudes regarding injury causation, responsibility and effective injury prevention measures differ by ethnicity and level of acculturation; and, 4) differences and attitudes by ethnicity and level of acculturation result in differences in rates and leading causes of injury. This study has three components. The first will adapt, link and utilize epidemiologic data from the investigators studies to address the strengths and limitations of various data sources, will examine the degree of ecologic bias in small area analyses using census data, and will develop an epidemiologic model of childhood injury. The second component will determine cultural values, beliefs, perceptions and knowledge regarding injury risk, supervision, and capabilities of children by acculturation and ethnicity using ethnographic methodology. the third component will compare the ethnographic data with the injury epidemiology data from the same population. By using this combined approach, epidemiology will provide quantitative estimates of risk while ethnography will explain culturally embedded risk factors and perceptions and their potential significance to the etiology and prevention of childhood injuries. The results of this research will define more precisely who should be targeted for specific interventions and how the interventions should be structured to maximize their effectiveness.
Keywords: epidemiology, ethnic group, injury, parent offspring interaction, pediatrics, accident, culture, data collection methodology /evaluation, disease /disorder proneness /risk, racial /ethnic difference, socioenvironment, Mexican American, behavioral /social science research tag, caucasian American, clinical research, human subject
Project start date: 1996-09-01
Project end date: 1999-08-31
5R01HD034483-02 (1997): $257440
PEDIATRIC INJURIES: ROLE OF EPIDEMOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
Juliet Mcmullin, Professor
University Of California Irvine Irvine, Ca 926977600
Grant 1R01HD034483-01 from National Institute Of Child Health And Human Development IRG: BEM
Project start date: 1996-09-01
Project end date: 1999-08-31
1R01HD034483-01 (1996): $257161