Ardem Patapoutian
Scripps Research Institute
Project start date: 2011-07-29
Project end date: 2015-03-31
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
Grants awarded to Ardem Patapoutian
Molecular Characterization Of Sensory Function
Ardem Patapoutian, Research Scientist
Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, Ca 920371000
Grant 5R01NS046303-04 from National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Stroke IRG: SCS
Abstract: While we usually take sensations such as pain, warmth, or cold for granted, the molecules involved in these processes orchestrate a complex biological response to the outside world and remain almost a complete mystery. The sense of touch consists of the perception of multiple discrete types of thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli. A great deal remains unknown about the genes involved in sensing these stimuli. With the completion of the human genome project, we have powerful new methods to identify these elusive sensory molecules. Using such tools, we recently cloned the first gene involved in our ability to sense cold temperatures. Trpm8, encodes for a protein present at the plasma membrane of cold-sensing neurons that belongs to the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel family. More recently, we have identified a novel sensory channel that responds to colder temperatures, ANKTM1. ANTKM1 is distantly related to TRPM8 and is one of six TRP family members to sense temperature. The cold-activated TRP channels allow positive charged ions into the cell as the external temperature reaches a critical threshold. We wish to understand much more about this activation process. Most fundamentally, how do these channels actually sense cold temperature at the molecular level? TRP channels may respond to thermal stimuli using completely novel mechanisms than those involved in classical ligand-gated channels. Finally, we will ask if these channels are required for cold detection and pain sensation in-vivo.
Keywords: membrane channel, sensory mechanism, sensory receptor, thermogenesis, thermoreception, biological signal transduction, capsaicin, cell membrane, chronic pain, cold temperature, gene expression, membrane potential, neurogenetics, pain threshold, sensation, spinal ganglion, touch, electrophysiology, genetically modified animal, histopathology, in situ hybridization, laboratory mouse, northern blotting, polymerase chain reaction, tissue /cell culture
Project start date: 2004-03-01
Project end date: 2009-02-28
5R01NS046303-04 (2007): $411564
5R01NS046303-03 (2006): $423857
5R01NS046303-02 (2005): $434056
1R01NS046303-01A1 (2004): $434056
NOCICEPTIVE ION CHANNELS: MECHANISMS OF ACTIVATION
Ardem Patapoutian, Associate Professor
Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Ca 92037-1000
Grant 5R01DE016927-05 from National Institute Of Dental & Craniofacial Research
Abstract: While we usually take sensations such as pain, warmth or cold for granted, the molecules involved in these processes orchestrate a complex biological response to the outside world and remain almost a complete mystery. The sense of touch consists of the perception of multiple discrete types of thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli. A great deal remains unknown about the genes involved in sensing these stimuli. With the completion of the human genome project, we have powerful new methods to identify these elusive sensory molecules. Using such tools, we recently cloned a novel sensory receptor, TRPA1, which responds to both painful cold stimuli and compounds known elicit painful sensations in humans. TRPA1 is a member of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channel family; six members of this family respond to various temperatures. TRPA1 is highly conserved among mammals, flies, and worm. In mice, TRPA1 is expressed in sensory neurons thought to respond to several painful modalities such as heat, cold and mechanical injury. Upon activation of TRPA1 in sensory neurons, positively charged ions enter the neuron, which then fires and sends a pain signal to the brain. We wish to understand more about the consequences of TRPA1 activation in pain biology and sensation. TRPA1 is multi-modal in its activation. What other painful stimuli activate TRPA1? Mechanistically, how can a single receptor respond to so many stimuli? Can we learn more about nociceptive signaling and TRP channel signaling pathways by studying the role of TRPA1 in C. elegans?
Keywords: 6-namide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-8-methyl-, (E)-; 8-Methyl-N-Vanillyl-6-namide; Acidosis; Afferent Neurons; Ajo; Allium sativum; Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg; Aspiration, Mechanical; Assay; Behavior; Behavioral; Bioassay; Biologic Assays; Biological; Biological Assay; Biological Models; Biology; Body Tissues; Bradykinin; Brain; Burn injury; Burns; C elegans; C.elegans; CHO Cells; Caenorhabditis elegans; Capsaicin; Cell Communication and Signaling; Cell Signaling; Charge; Chemicals; Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell; Cinnamon; Cinnamon - dietary; Complex; Data; Drainage, Suction; Drosophila; Drosophila genus; Encephalon; Encephalons; Esthesia; Exhibits; Family; Family member; Fire - disasters; Fires; Flies; Fruit Fly, Drosophila; Garlic; Genes; Genetic Screening; Genetics-Mutagenesis; Goals; Grant; Hearing; Heating; Human; Human Genome Project; Human, General; Hyperalgesia; Hyperalgesic Sensations; INFLM; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Inflammatory; Injury; Intracellular Communication and Signaling; Invertebrata; Invertebrates; Invertebrates, General; Investigators; Ion Channel; Ionic Channels; Ions; Laboratories; Learning; Mammalia; Mammals; Mammals, General; Mammals, Mice; Man (Taxonomy); Man, Modern; Maps; Mass Spectrum; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Mechanics; Membrane Channels; Methods; Mice; Modality; Model System; Models, Biologic; Molecular; Molecular Biology, Mutagenesis; Molecular Genetic; Molecular Genetics; Murine; Mus; Mutagenesis; NRVS-SYS; Nerve Cells; Nerve Unit; Nervous System; Nervous System, Brain; Nervous system structure; Neural Cell; Neurocyte; Neurologic Body System; Neurologic Organ System; Neurons; Neurons, Afferent; Neurons, Sensory; Neuroreceptors; Nociception; Nociceptors; Oils; Organism; Ortholog; Orthologous Gene; Pain; Painful; Pathway interactions; Perception; Peripheral; Photometry/Spectrum Analysis, Mass; Play; Pressure; Pressure- physical agent; Process; Proteins; Publications; Publishing; Receptor Protein; Receptors, Neural; Receptors, Sensory; Research Personnel; Researchers; Role; Scientific Publication; Sensation; Sensory; Sensory Cell Afferent Neuron; Sensory Receptors; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Signal Transduction Systems; Signaling; Spectrometry, Mass; Spectroscopy, Mass; Spectrum Analyses, Mass; Spectrum Analysis, Mass; Stiefel Brand of Capsaicin; Stimulus; Suction; System; System, LOINC Axis 4; TRPV1; TRPV1 gene; Temperature; Testing; Tissues; Touch; Touch sensation; Withdrawal; Work; allicin; base; beta-phenylacrolein; biological signal transduction; cinnamaldehyde; cinnamic aldehyde; fly; fruit fly; gene product; hearing perception; hyperalgia; in vivo; kallidin 9; kallidin I; living system; member; mustard oil; neuronal; nociceptive; novel; pathway; pressure; protein function; receptor; response; sensor; social role; sound perception; thio-2-propene-1-sulfinic acid S-allyl ester; tool
Project start date: 2006-07-01
Project end date: 2011-04-30
Budget start date: 1-MAY-2010
Budget end date: 30-APR-2011
5R01DE016927-05 (2010): $414369
5R01DE016927-04 (2009): $418554
5R01DE016927-02 (2007): $415170
1R01DE016927-01A1 (2006): $427570
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SENSORY FUNCTION
Ardem Patapoutian, Associate Professor
Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Ca 92037-1000
Grant 5R01NS046303-07 from National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Stroke
Abstract: The sense of touch is unique in perceiving stimuli both physical (temperature, mechanical) and chemical (compounds that cause pain, itch, et cetera) in nature. In each modality, touch neurons distinguish noxious (painful) from innocuous stimuli, and the sensitization of touch neurons in response to injury and inflammation is the basis for many clinically-relevant chronic pain states. The molecules that mediate detection of touch stimuli have been a long-standing mystery. Recently, we and others have identified and characterized molecules responsible for sensing environmental temperature. These proteins are ion channels activated by distinct changes in thermal energy (in the noxious to innocuous range), thus functioning as the molecular thermometers of our body. We have found these same ion channels also act as chemosensors, and at least one of them is a polymodal sensor of physical and chemical damage. We wish to understand the activation process of thermoTRPs. Most fundamentally, how do these channels actually sense temperature at the molecular level? We will use a high- throughput random mutagenesis approach to address mechanism of thermoTRP activation. Our long-term goal is to synthesize a detailed molecular understanding of somatosensory neuron function. These studies aim to expand the fundamental understanding of basic sensory biology and are also expected to contribute to novel insights to treating pain. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE The studies described in this grant will address how ion channels involved in sensing pain and temperature are regulated. Information from these studies could potentially help in designing analgesic drugs
Keywords: 1, 2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1, 1-dioxide; 1H-Imidazole, 1-((2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl)-; 1H-Imidazole, 1-(2-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-2-((2, 4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl)-; 6-namide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-8-methyl-, (E)-; 8-Methyl-N-Vanillyl-6-namide; AG-3-5 compound; Absence of pain sensation; Absence of sensibility to pain; Acute; Address; Affect; Alleles; Allelomorphs; Amino Acids; Analgesic Agents; Analgesic Drugs; Analgesic Preparation; Analgesics; Anodynes; Antifungal Agents; Antifungal Drug; Antinociceptive Agents; Antinociceptive Drugs; Artificial Sweeteners; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1, 7, 7-trimethyl-; Binding; Binding (Molecular Function); Biochemical; Biological; Biology; Blood Coagulation Factor IV; Burn injury; Burns; Ca++ element; Calcium; Camphor; Capsaicin; Cataloging; Catalogs; Cell Communication and Signaling; Cell Signaling; Cells; Chemicals; Chili Pepper; Cinnamon; Cinnamon - dietary; Cloning; Clotrimazole; Coagulation Factor IV; Code; Coding System; Collaborations; Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-; Cysteine; Data; Detection; Distant; Electrophysiology; Electrophysiology (science); Esthesia; Ethnic Origin; Ethnicity; Ethnicity aspects; Exons; Factor IV; Feels no pain; Follow-Up Studies; Followup Studies; Fungicides, Therapeutic; Future; Gated Ion Channel; Gene variant; Genetic Alteration; Genetic Change; Genetic Diversity; Genetic Variation; Genetic defect; Genetic screening method; Genetics-Mutagenesis; Genus Mentha; Goals; Grant; Half-Cystine; Heating; Horseradish; Human; Human, General; INFLM; Image; In element; Indium; Individual; Inflammation; Intracellular Communication and Signaling; Ion Channel; Ion Channel Protein; Ionic Channels; Isothiocyanates; L-Cysteine; Libraries; Ligands; Link; Mammals, Mice; Man (Taxonomy); Man, Modern; Mechanics; Mediating; Mediator; Mediator of Activation; Mediator of activation protein; Membrane Channels; Mentha; Menthol; Mice; Miconazole; Mint; Modality; Modification; Molecular; Molecular Biology, Mutagenesis; Molecular Interaction; Murine; Mus; Mustard; Mustard (food); Mutagenesis; Mutation; Nature; Nerve Cells; Nerve Unit; Neural Cell; Neurocyte; Neurons; Neurophysiology / Electrophysiology; No sensitivity to pain; Nociception; Pain; Painful; Physiologic; Physiological; Plant Extracts; Plants; Plants, General; Play; Point Mutation; Population; Position; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Property, LOINC Axis 2; Proteins; Psychology, Physiologic; Psychology, Physiological; Psychophysiological; Psychophysiology; Publications; Receptor Protein; Recurrent pain; Relative; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research Institute; Role; Saccharin; Scientific Publication; Seminal; Sensation; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Signal Transduction Systems; Signaling; Site; Stiefel Brand of Capsaicin; Stimulus; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sweeteners, Artificial; TM Domain; TRPV1; TRPV1 gene; Temperature; Temperature Sense; Testing; Therapeutic Uses; Thermometers; Touch; Touch sensation; Transmembrane Domain; Transmembrane Region; V (voltage); Variant; Variation; Variation (Genetics); Work; allelic variant; allicin; aminoacid; analgesia; anti-fungal; antifungals; base; beta-phenylacrolein; biological signal transduction; chemical structure function; chronic pain; chronic painful condition; cinnamaldehyde; cinnamic aldehyde; clinical relevance; clinically relevant; design; designing; experiment; experimental research; experimental study; extracellular; gene product; genetic testing; genome mutation; icilin; imaging; in vivo; injury response; insight; mustard oil; mutant; neuronal; nociceptive; novel; psycho-physiological; public health relevance; receptor; research study; response; response to injury; sensor; social role; somatosensory; structure function relationship; thermoreception; thio-2-propene-1-sulfinic acid S-allyl ester; voltage
Relevance: - THE SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE The studies described in this grant will address how ion channels involved in sensing pain and temperature are regulated. Information from these studies could potentially help in designing analgesic drugs
Project start date: 2003-07-01
Project end date: 2014-02-28
Budget start date: 1-MAR-2010
Budget end date: 28-FEB-2011
PFA/PA: PA-07-070
5R01NS046303-07 (2010): $411253
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
Somatic Sensory Neurons: Mechanisms Of Heterogeneity
Ardem Patapoutian, Research Scientist
Scripps Research Institute
la Jolla, Ca 920371000
Grant 1R01NS042822-01 from National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Stroke IRG: MDCN
Abstract: Sensory neurons of the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) are highly specialized cell types with diverse morphologies, patterns of connectivity, and functions. The long term objective of this proposal is to understand the molecular pathways that lead to such differences. Neurotrophins and their trk receptors are required for neuronal survival of distinct DRG sub-populations. Here, we propose that neurotrophins also play an instructive role during DRG neuronal development. This hypothesis predicts that the expression of a specific trk is sufficient to impose subtype specificity on these neurons. We will test this hypothesis by replacing one trk receptor with another in the mouse genome. In order to extend our knowledge of the molecular pathways beyond the neurotrophins, it is essential to find other genes involved in both developmental and functional aspects of DRG neurons. Because the neurotrophin/trk knockout animals lack specific DRG subtypes, we are analyzing these mice by gene-chip methods to identify genes uniquely expressed in distinct DRG classes. Our preliminary results have validated this strategy, and confirmatory in situ hybridizations indicate that the genes we have tested are specifically expressed in subtypes of DRGs. We will follow up on some of these molecules by (a) further characterizing their expression patterns during development; (b) finding interacting partners for those molecules involved in signaling using yeast two-hybrid analysis; and (c) testing their in vivo function using transgenic mouse experiments. As neurotrophins and trk receptors play key roles during development and in the pathology of childhood medulloblastomas and peripheral neuropathies, the further unraveling of molecular pathways controlling differentiation of DRG neurons will expand our understanding of neurodevelopmental defects and neuropathologies in humans
Keywords: developmental neurobiology, growth factor receptor, neurogenesis, neurogenetics, neuropeptide receptor, neurotrophic factor, spinal ganglion afferent nerve, developmental genetics, dorsal root, protein tyrosine kinase, sensory receptor, sensory signal detection laboratory mouse, microarray technology, transgenic animal, yeast two hybrid system
Project start date: 2002-01-01
Project end date: 2005-12-31
1R01NS042822-01 (2002): $395865
5R01NS042822-04 (2005): $395865
5R01NS042822-03 (2004): $395865
5R01NS042822-02 (2003): $395865
TEMPERATURE-ACTIVATED TRP CHANNELS AND THERMOSENSATION
Ardem Patapoutian, Associate Professor
Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Ca 92037-1000
Grant 5R01NS049104-05 from National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Stroke
Abstract: Recent years have seen great advances in the molecular of sensory neurobiology. Of the five popularly characterized senses - sight, hearing, taste, smeli, and touch - touch is among the most varied and perhaps least understood. Within this modality is the ability to sense mechanical forces, chemical stimuli, and temperature, and the molecules that mediate this ability have been a long-standing mystery. My group and others have recently discovered ion channels that are activated by different thresholds of temperature, and might enable sensory neurons to convey temperature information. Among these ion channels is TRPV3, which senses warm temperatures and is expressed in the skin. Here we use genetic and biochemical tools to test if TRPV3 and its close homologs play an essential role in thermosensation and pain
Keywords: 6-namide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-8-methyl-, (E)-; 8-Methyl-N-Vanillyl-6-namide; Acute; Address; Afferent Neurons; Assay; Behavioral; Behavioral Assay; Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1, 7, 7-trimethyl-; Bioassay; Biochemical; Biologic Assays; Biological Assay; Body Tissues; Camphor; Capsaicin; Cell Communication and Signaling; Cell Signaling; Cells; Chemicals; Code; Coding System; Data; Engineering; Engineerings; Epidermis; Esthesia; Femoral Nerve; GeneHomolog; Genes; Genetic; Goals; Gustation; Hearing; Heating; Homolog; Homologous Gene; Homologue; Intracellular Communication and Signaling; Investigation; Investigators; Ion Channel; Ionic Channels; Knock-out; Knockout; Knockout Mice; Link; Mammals, Mice; Mechanics; Mediating; Membrane Channels; Mice; Mice, Knock-out; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Modality; Molecular; Murine; Mus; NRVS-SYS; Nerve; Nerve Cells; Nerve Endings; Nerve Fibers; Nerve Unit; Nervous; Nervous System; Nervous system structure; Neural Cell; Neurites; Neurobiology; Neurocyte; Neurologic Body System; Neurologic Organ System; Neurons; Neurons, Afferent; Neurons, Sensory; Neuroreceptors; Nociception; Null Mouse; Pain; Painful; Pathway interactions; Phenotype; Physiologic; Physiological; Play; Population; Promoter; Promoters (Genetics); Promotor; Promotor (Genetics); Proteins; Publications; Publishing; Receptor Protein; Receptors, Neural; Receptors, Sensory; Recurrent pain; Research Personnel; Researchers; Role; Scientific Publication; Sensation; Sensory; Sensory Cell Afferent Neuron; Sensory Receptors; Sight; Signal Transduction; Signal Transduction Systems; Signaling; Skin; Skin Temperature; Stiefel Brand of Capsaicin; Stimulus; Structure of femoral nerve; Synapses; Synaptic; System; System, LOINC Axis 4; TRPV channel; TRPV1; TRPV1 gene; Taste; Taste Perception; Temperature; Temperature Sense; Testing; Thermal Hyperalgesias; Tissues; Touch; Touch sensation; Transgenic Mice; Vision; Work; base; biological signal transduction; design; designing; experiment; experimental research; experimental study; femoral nerve; gene product; hearing perception; in vivo; keratinocyte; neurobiological; neuronal; nociceptive; overexpression; pathway; preference; receptor; research study; response; social role; sound perception; thermoreception; tool; warm temperature
Project start date: 2005-04-01
Project end date: 2010-03-31
Budget start date: 1-APR-2009
Budget end date: 31-MAR-2010
5R01NS049104-05 (2009): $415511
5R01NS049104-03 (2007): $407617
5R01NS049104-02 (2006): $419792
1R01NS049104-01A1 (2005): $429894
A METABOLOMIC SEARCH FOR ENDOGENOUS CHEMICAL AGONISTS OF NOCICEPTIVE TRP CHANNELS
Ardem Patapoutian, Associate Professor
Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Ca 92037-1000
Grant 1R21DE021181-01 from National Institute Of Dental & Craniofacial Research
Abstract: Recent advances in genomics and proteomics techniques have allowed the interrogation of the genome/proteome to identify novel mechanisms underlying disease etiology. Ultimately such interrogations would encompass the complete chemical space of the cell, including endogenous small molecules or metabolome. An example that illustrates these challenges is the regulation of nociception. Conditions such as inflammation are known to sensitize our sense of touch and temperature such that non-noxious conditions become painful (allodynia) and noxious conditions become more painful (hyperalgesia). A prominent mechanism proposed to mediate this sensitization is the release of inflammatory mediators at the site of inflammation. This so- called inflammatory soup contains both proteinous as well as small molecular chemicals that are thought to sensitize ion channels expressed on nociceptive sensory neurons. Several ion channels of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family are known to function as sensors for temperature and a variety of structurally diverse chemicals that include pungent plant products such as capsaicin and mustard oil. Surprisingly however, only few endogenous ligands are known to date. The goal of this proposal is to establish an unbiased metabolome-wide approach for the identification of endogenous channel and receptor agonists. The goal of this proposal is to establish an unbiased metabolome-wide approach for the identification of endogenous activators of thermoTRPs involved in pain sensation
Keywords: 6-namide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-8-methyl-, (E)-; 8-Methyl-N-Vanillyl-6-namide; Acidosis; Acute; Adverse effects; Affect; Afferent Neurons; Agonist; Ajo; Allium sativum; Analgesic Agents; Analgesic Drugs; Analgesic Preparation; Analgesics; Anodynes; Antinociceptive Agents; Antinociceptive Drugs; Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg; Assay; Bioassay; Biologic Assays; Biological Assay; Body Tissues; Bradykinin; Burn injury; Burns; Capsaicin; Causality; Cells; Chemicals; Chromatography, High Performance Liquid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, High Speed Liquid; Cinnamon; Cinnamon - dietary; Column Chromatography; Data; Detection; Disease; Disorder; Esthesia; Etiology; Family; Garlic; Genome; Genomics; Goals; HPLC; Heating; High Pressure Liquid Chromatography; Hyperalgesia; Hyperalgesic Sensations; INFLM; Industry; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Inflammatory; Intervention; Intervention Strategies; Ion Channel; Ionic Channels; Irritants; Knockout Mice; Knowledge; Lead; Ligands; Mammals, Mice; Mass Spectrum; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Mediating; Membrane Channels; Methods and Techniques; Methods, Other; Mice; Mice, Knock-out; Mice, Knockout; Molecular; Murine; Mus; Nerve Cells; Nerve Unit; Neural Cell; Neurocyte; Neurogenic Inflammation; Neurons; Neurons, Afferent; Neurons, Sensory; Nociception; Null Mouse; Oils; Pain; Pain Control; Pain Therapy; Pain management; Painful; Pathway interactions; Pb element; Photometry/Spectrum Analysis, Mass; Physiologic; Physiological; Phytochemical; Plants; Plants, General; Play; Proteins; Proteome; Proteomics; Receptor Protein; Regulation; Role; Sensation; Sensory Cell Afferent Neuron; Site; Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass; Spectroscopy, Mass; Spectrum Analyses, Mass; Spectrum Analysis, Mass; Stiefel Brand of Capsaicin; Stimulus; TRPV1; TRPV1 gene; Techniques; Temperature; Testing; Tissues; Touch; Touch sensation; Treatment Side Effects; allicin; allodynia; analgesia; beta-phenylacrolein; cinnamaldehyde; cinnamic aldehyde; clinical care; cold temperature; design; designing; disease causation; disease etiology; disease/disorder; disease/disorder etiology; disorder etiology; gene product; heavy metal Pb; heavy metal lead; hyperalgia; improved; in vivo; interest; interventional strategy; kallidin 9; kallidin I; low temperature; measurement of metabolism; metabolomics; mustard oil; neuronal; new approaches; nociceptive; novel; novel approaches; novel strategies; novel strategy; pathway; prospective; public health relevance; receptor; sensor; side effect; small molecule; social role; therapy adverse effect; thio-2-propene-1-sulfinic acid S-allyl ester; treatment adverse effect
Relevance: The goal of this proposal is to establish an unbiased metabolome-wide approach for the identification of endogenous activators of thermoTRPs involved in pain sensation
Project start date: 2010-07-15
Project end date: 2012-06-30
Budget start date: 15-JUL-2010
Budget end date: 30-JUN-2011
PFA/PA: PA-09-164
1R21DE021181-01 (2010): $284850
Ardem Patapoutian
Scripps Research Institute
Project start date: 2003-07-01
Project end date: 2014-02-28
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com