Jeffrey D Schall
Vanderbilt University
Project start date: 1991-01-01
Project end date: 2015-01-31
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
SACCADE TARGET SELECTION-FRONTAL CORTEX
Jeffrey D Schall
Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, Tn 37203-6869
Grant 5R01EY008890-19 from National Eye Institute
Abstract: The long-term goal of our research is to understand how the visual system decides where to look. The activity of multiple neurons will be monitored simultaneously in monkeys performing visual search tasks designed to dissociate visual processing from saccade preparation. The frontal eye field will be studied because it is situated anatomically to sample the outcome of visual processing to orient attention and produce motor commands to orient gaze. Patterns of neural activity will be analyzed to evaluate specific hypotheses about how visual information is encoded for target selection among pools of neurons (Aim 1), to describe how sensory-motor mapping occurs between visual and saccade neurons (Aim 2) and to determine how short-term and long-term experience influences saccade target selection (Aim 3). Understanding how the brain selects visual stimuli for action is necessary to understand the causes of impaired visual behavior
Keywords: Address; Architecture; Attention; Behavior; Brain; Code; Coding System; Color; Cues; Diffusion; Dimensions; Encephalon; Encephalons; Engineering / Architecture; Eye Movements; Goals; Grant; Investigation; Macaca; Macaque; Maps; Monitor; Monkeys; Motor; Movement; Nerve Cells; Nerve Unit; Nervous; Nervous System, Brain; Neural Cell; Neurocyte; Neurons; Outcome; Performance; Preparation; Process; Programs (PT); Programs [Publication Type]; Property; Property, LOINC Axis 2; Pursuit, Saccadic; Race; Racial Group; Relative; Relative (related person); Research; Saccades; Saccadic Eye Movements; Sampling; Scheme; Sensory; Shapes; Staging; Stimulus; Stocks, Racial; Time; Visual; Visual System; Visual system structure; body movement; design; designing; experience; frontal cortex; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; gaze; neural; neural mechanism; neural patterning; neuromechanism; neuronal; programs; relating to nervous system; visual information; visual process; visual processing; visual search; visual stimulus
Project start date: 1991-01-01
Project end date: 2011-05-31
Budget start date: 1-JUN-2009
Budget end date: 31-MAY-2011
5R01EY008890-19 (2009): $372634
5R01EY008890-17 (2007): $372532
5R01EY008890-16 (2006): $373307
SACCADE TARGET SELECTION--FRONTAL CORTEX
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 5R01EY008890-09 from National Eye Institute IRG: VISB
Abstract: Investigator s ) Normal vision requires rapid eye movements called saccades to direct gaze to objects of interest. Although much is understood about the final stages of saccade generation and about the organization of the visual system, it is not known how the brain decides where to shift gaze. The long-term goal of this work, therefore, is to understand the neural circuits that select the target for a saccadic eye movement. Neural correlates of target selection and response specification will be investigated in macaque monkeys performing novel visuomotor tasks. The basic experimental condition requires monkeys to shift gaze to a target stimulus that is presented with multiple distractor stimuli. The activity of single neurons will be recorded in two structures the frontal eye field, an area of the cerebral cortex involved in converting the product of visual processing into a command to move the eyes, and the thalamic nuclei that relay signals from subcortical oculomotor structures to the frontal area field. Neuronal discharges will be analyzed using several novel techniques to quantify the probability, latency and magnitude of activation to visual stimuli and before eye movements. Another analysis will measure the timecourse over which single neurons discriminate whether a stimulus is a target. The properties of frontal eye field cells will be contrasted with those of thalamic cells. Three physiological and two anatomical studies are proposed. The first physiological study will investigate the visual processing underlying target selection by presenting visual search stimuli distinguished by color, form or motion. The second study will investigate top-down influences on neural activity mediating target selection by presenting arrays of stimuli in which the target is difficult to locate or by introducing specific regularities in how stimuli are presented. The third experiment will probe the decision processes underlying target selection and eye movement specification by manipulating monkeys ability to reprogram a planned saccade. This task provides data that will distinguish neurons carrying visual signals from neurons actively involved in selecting the target and programming the eye movement. The first anatomical study will investigate the functional architecture of frontal eye field, relating neural response properties observed in the physiological studies to their location in the cortex. The second anatomical study will investigate the functional architecture of the oculomotor thalamus, identifying the properties of cells found in different nuclei. The strength of this proposal lies in the simultaneous assessment of visuomotor behavior and the activity of neurons that are involved in production of the behavior. Data from these experiments will provide significant new insights into the functional organization of frontal eye field and associated thalamic nuclei. Such information is an essential step toward more effectively diagnosing and ultimately treating vision and gaze disorders.
Keywords: brain electrical activity, frontal lobe /cortex, neural information processing, saccade, visual cortex, visual tracking, neurophysiology, visual perception, visual stimulus, Macaca mulatta
Project start date: 1991-01-01
Project end date: 2000-05-31
5R01EY008890-09 (1999): $186540
5R01EY008890-08 (1998): $179366
5R01EY008890-07 (1997): $194838
5R01EY008890-14 (2004): $377500
5R01EY008890-13 (2003): $377500
5R01EY008890-12 (2002): $377604
5R01EY008890-11 (2001): $378750
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
5R01EY008890-05 (1995): $116610
5R01EY008890-04 (1994): $112081
BASIS OF SACCADE TARGET SELECTION--FRONTAL CORTEX
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 5R01EY008890-03 from National Eye Institute IRG: VISB
Abstract: Adapted from s ) Normal vision begins and ends with a rapid, saccadic eye movement. While much is known about the final stages of saccade generation in the brainstem as well as about the first steps of visual processing, there is no information about how the target for a saccade is selected. Thus, the long-term objective of the proposed work is to understand how pattern recognition by the visual system and cognitive processing direct gaze. The purpose of these experiments is to investigate the respective roles in saccade target selection of two specific areas of cerebral cortex in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) the frontal and supplementary eye fields, which are at the interface of visual processing and motor output. While in previous neurophysiological studies of these areas, saccades were directed by a single target, the proposed experiments are designed to study the neural activation associated with saccades generated in response to more complex stimulus arrays. Single neurons will be recorded while monkeys generate saccades to perform a variety of visual detection, search and matching tasks. The analysis of the data will aim to distinguish neurons with activity not solely dictated by the arrangement of the stimuli or the execution of the saccade but instead reflecting the processing required to discriminate the target from the distractors. Neuronal activity will also be recorded while monkeys generate saccades to stimuli presented during binocular rivalry in an effort to understand the factors involved in bringing the target to conscious awareness. The strength of this proposal lies in the simultaneous assessment of visuomotor behavior and the activity of neurons which are candidates for generating key elements of the observed behavior. Successful completion of these experiments will provide new knowledge about the neural mechanisms in frontal cortex responsible for selecting the target for a saccade and generating visually-guided eye movements. This information is necessary for understanding the nature of the gaze control problems associated with frontal lobe dysfunction consequent to a number of diseases.
Keywords: frontal lobe /cortex, saccade, visual cortex, eye movement, motor cortex, neural information processing, neurophysiology, visual stimulus, Macaca mulatta
Project start date: 1991-01-01
Project end date: 1995-12-31
5R01EY008890-03 (1993): $109608
5R01EY008890-02 (1992): $105045
Grants awarded to Jeffrey D Schall
SACCADE TARGET SELECTION-FRONTAL CORTEX
Jeffrey D Schall
Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, Tn 37203-6869
Grant 3R01EY008890-19S1 from Office Of The Director, National Institutes Of Health
Abstract: This award is issued in response to Notice OD-09-060, Recovery Act Administrative Supplements Providing Summer Research Experiences for Students and Science Educators. The long-term goal of our research is to understand how the visual system decides where to look. The activity of multiple neurons will be monitored simultaneously in monkeys performing visual search tasks designed to dissociate visual processing from saccade preparation. The frontal eye field will be studied because it is situated anatomically to sample the outcome of visual processing to orient attention and produce motor commands to orient gaze. Patterns of neural activity will be analyzed to evaluate specific hypotheses about how visual information is encoded for target selection among pools of neurons (Aim 1), to describe how sensory-motor mapping occurs between visual and saccade neurons (Aim 2) and to determine how short-term and long-term experience influences saccade target selection (Aim 3). Understanding how the brain selects visual stimuli for action is necessary to understand the causes of impaired visual behavior
Keywords: Address; Architecture; Attention; Behavior; Brain; Code; Coding System; Color; Cues; Diffusion; Dimensions; Encephalon; Encephalons; Engineering / Architecture; Eye Movements; Goals; Grant; Investigation; Macaca; Macaque; Maps; Monitor; Monkeys; Motor; Movement; Nerve Cells; Nerve Unit; Nervous; Nervous System, Brain; Neural Cell; Neurocyte; Neurons; Outcome; Performance; Preparation; Process; Programs (PT); Programs [Publication Type]; Property; Property, LOINC Axis 2; Pursuit, Saccadic; Race; Racial Group; Relative; Relative (related person); Research; Saccades; Saccadic Eye Movements; Sampling; Scheme; Sensory; Shapes; Staging; Stimulus; Stocks, Racial; Time; Visual; Visual System; Visual system structure; body movement; design; designing; experience; frontal cortex; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; gaze; neural; neural mechanism; neural patterning; neuromechanism; neuronal; programs; relating to nervous system; visual information; visual process; visual processing; visual search; visual stimulus
Project start date: 2009-06-01
Project end date: 2010-05-31
Budget start date: 1-JUN-2009
Budget end date: 31-MAY-2010
3R01EY008890-19S1 (2009): $7434
TRAINING GRANT IN VISION RESEARCH
Jeffrey D Schall
Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, Tn 37203-6869
Grant 2T32EY007135-16A1 from National Eye Institute
Abstract: The Vanderbilt Vision Research Center (WRC) request continued support for predoctoral and postdoctoral training. Vision researchers at Vanderbilt maintain an exceptionally strong training record with excellent research progress. Aggressive faculty recruiting has increased the number and diversity of qualified mentors and the number of NEI-funded research grants. The program of research and training extends from traditional psychophysics with functional brain imaging and visual neuroscience to cellular and molecular eye research. Individuals trained during the last grant period have obtained competitive postdoctoral or faculty positions and developed productive, independent careers in vision research. Training will continue in psychophysics, visual neuroscience and molecular mechanisms of transduction, retinal processing and retinal disease. Specific program requirements for predoctoral trainees include (1) The Visual System a course team-taught by program faculty, (2) additional courses specified by the trainee´s graduate program selected from an extensive curriculum covering molecular biology, neuroscience, perception and engineering, (3) participation in the local Vision Training Seminar series, the invited speaker Vision Research Seminar series, and Eye & Vision Research Colloquia as well as related seminars on campus, (4) participation in international scientific meetings such as Association for Research in Vision & Ophthalmology, Vision Science Society and Society for Neuroscience, (5) participation in a Responsible Conduct of Research program, and (6) most importantly, research supervised by one or more mentors. Postdoctoral trainees are required to fulfill the same requirements except (2) while they prepare an independent NRSA proposal. Trainees will be recruited nationally with emphasis on increasing diversity. Alliances with traditionally African-American institutions in Nashville such as Meharry Medical College, Fisk University and Tennessee State University facilitate minority recruiting. This training program develops independent, academic vision and eye researchers through interdisciplinary training in vision and eye research fostered by the number and cohesiveness of vision and eye researchers at Vanderbilt. Through classes, seminars and research all trainees will become conversant with the diverse visual and ocular motility disabilities manifest from disorders of the eye and central pathways. The goal of ultimately treating these disorders will be instilled in trainees as the foundation of this training program
Keywords: Grant; Training; Vision research
Project start date: 1993-12-01
Project end date: 2014-12-31
Budget start date: 1-JAN-2010
Budget end date: 31-DEC-2010
2T32EY007135-16A1 (2010): $167682
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 5P30EY008126-18 from National Eye Institute IRG: ZEY1
Abstract: The Vanderbilt Vision Research Center (VVRC) spanning the College of Arts and Science, Peabody College of Education, School of Engineering and School of Medicine requests uninterrupted support for four modules plus support for one new module. (1) The Animal Care Module provides specialized breeding, enrichment, surgical support and veterinary care of nonhuman primates and other large animals as well as genotyping and phenotyping of transgenic mice. These services by the Vanderbilt Division of Animal Care. (2) The Computer Module provides hardware installation and maintenance, software development for visual displays and real-time data acquisition and analysis, webpage maintenance and production of illustrations for journals, slides and posters. (3) The Image Processing Module aids acquisition and analysis of optical imaging, fMRI and other imaging data. This module will also provide access to and support of confocal microscopy. (4) The Shop Module repairs, designs and fabricates specialized optical, mechanical and electronic instruments. Support is also requested for a new Gene and Protein Analysis Module that will provide economical access to gene microarray and protein mass spectrometry services. Administrative support is requested to ensure continued smooth and stable operation of the VVRC research and training missions. Modules are directed by investigators with NEI funding, have talented and experienced staff and provide services that are otherwise not available or would be prohibitively expensive or slow. During the last grant period, each module was used moderately or extensively by no less than five investigators. VVRC investigators produced several hundred publications that made fundamental contributions to basic and clinical visual science. The Core grant has increased collaborations between basic and clinical vision researchers across the Vanderbilt campus and with other institutions. The Core grant has improved our ability to recruit world-class vision researchers to Vanderbilt resulting in a more-thandoubling of NEI-sponsored research at Vanderbilt. The high level of performance of VVRC investigators, which depends on renewed Core grant support, synergizes with campus-wide initiatives in biomedical research and training at Vanderbilt.
Keywords: biomedical facility, vision
Project start date: 1997-04-01
Project end date: 2009-03-31
5P30EY008126-18 (2006): $788261
3P30EY008126-17S1 (2005): $188750
5P30EY008126-17 (2005): $596645
2P30EY008126-16 (2004): $598162
5P30EY008126-22 (2010): $619995
2P30EY008126-21 (2009): $619000
CORE GRANT FOR VISION RESEARCH
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 5P30EY008126-15 from National Eye Institute IRG: ZEY1
Abstract: The Vanderbilt Vision Research Center (VVRC) spanning the College of Arts and Science, Peabody College, School of Engineering and School of Medicine requests uninterrupted Core grant support for five modules. Animal Care provides specialized housing, breeding and enrichment, surgical preparation and assistance and other services by the Division of Animal Care. Computer Programming and Support provides software and hardware support as well as custom programming of visual displays, real-time data acquisition and data analysis. Computer Graphics and Illustration provides digital and photographic facilities and services to produce color or monochrome illustrations for journals, slides and posters. Electronic and Machine Shops repair or design and fabricate specialized optical, mechanical and electronic instruments. New support is requested for an Image Processing module to provide aid in acquisition and analysis of fMRI and other image data. Administrative support is requested to insure continued smooth and stable operation of the VVRC research and training missions. Each module is directed by an investigator who has or is competing for NEI funding, has talented and experienced staff and provides services that are either otherwise not available or would be prohibitively expensive or slow. Over the last grant period, each module was used moderately by at least four investigators. During the last grant period VVRC investigators produced several hundred publications that made fundamental contributions to basic and clinical visual science. The Core grant has noticeably increased collaborations between vision researchers across the Vanderbilt campus and with other institutions; as a result, the strong basic research mission of the VVRC has been enhanced by participation of clinical researchers. The Core grant has improved our ability to recruit world-class vision researchers to Vanderbilt and, in conjunction with an NEI training grant, has improved our development of new vision scientists through the VVRC Training Program. The high level of performance of VVRC investigators, which depends on renewed Core grant support, will synergize with new campus- wide initiatives in neuroscience research and training at Vanderbilt.
Keywords: biomedical facility, vision
Project start date: 1989-04-01
Project end date: 2004-03-31
5P30EY008126-15 (2003): $506142
5P30EY008126-14 (2002): $491530
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
5P30EY008126-13 (2001): $477593
5P30EY008126-12 (2000): $314462
CORE GRANT FOR VISION RESEARCH--IMAGE PROCESSING MODULE
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 3P30EY008126-12S1 from National Eye Institute IRG: ZEY1
Abstract: The Vanderbilt Vision Research Center (VVRC) spanning the College of Arts and Science, Peabody College, School of Engineering and School of Medicine requests uninterrupted Core grant support for five modules. Animal Care provides specialized housing, breeding and enrichment, surgical preparation and assistance and other services by the Division of Animal Care. Computer Programming and Support provides software and hardware support as well as custom programming of visual displays, real-time data acquisition and data analysis. Computer Graphics and Illustration provides digital and photographic facilities and services to produce color or monochrome illustrations for journals, slides and posters. Electronic and Machine Shops repair or design and fabricate specialized optical, mechanical and electronic instruments. New support is requested for an Image Processing module to provide aid in acquisition and analysis of fMRI and other image data. Administrative support is requested to insure continued smooth and stable operation of the VVRC research and training missions. Each module is directed by an investigator who has or is competing for NEI funding, has talented and experienced staff and provides services that are either otherwise not available or would be prohibitively expensive or slow. Over the last grant period, each module was used moderately by at least four investigators. During the last grant period VVRC investigators produced several hundred publications that made fundamental contributions to basic and clinical visual science. The Core grant has noticeably increased collaborations between vision researchers across the Vanderbilt campus and with other institutions; as a result, the strong basic research mission of the VVRC has been enhanced by participation of clinical researchers. The Core grant has improved our ability to recruit world-class vision researchers to Vanderbilt and, in conjunction with an NEI training grant, has improved our development of new vision scientists through the VVRC Training Program. The high level of performance of VVRC investigators, which depends on renewed Core grant support, will synergize with new campus- wide initiatives in neuroscience research and training at Vanderbilt.
Project start date: 2000-04-01
Project end date: 2004-03-31
3P30EY008126-12S1 (2000): $152879
CORE GRANT FOR VISION RESEARCH
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 2P30EY008126-11 from National Eye Institute IRG: ZEY1
Abstract: The Vanderbilt Vision Research Center (VVRC) spanning the College of Arts and Science, Peabody College, School of Engineering and School of Medicine requests uninterrupted Core grant support for five modules. Animal Care provides specialized housing, breeding and enrichment, surgical preparation and assistance and other services by the Division of Animal Care. Computer Programming and Support provides software and hardware support as well as custom programming of visual displays, real-time data acquisition and data analysis. Computer Graphics and Illustration provides digital and photographic facilities and services to produce color or monochrome illustrations for journals, slides and posters. Electronic and Machine Shops repair or design and fabricate specialized optical, mechanical and electronic instruments. New support is requested for an Image Processing module to provide aid in acquisition and analysis of fMRI and other image data. Administrative support is requested to insure continued smooth and stable operation of the VVRC research and training missions. Each module is directed by an investigator who has or is competing for NEI funding, has talented and experienced staff and provides services that are either otherwise not available or would be prohibitively expensive or slow. Over the last grant period, each module was used moderately by at least four investigators. During the last grant period VVRC investigators produced several hundred publications that made fundamental contributions to basic and clinical visual science. The Core grant has noticeably increased collaborations between vision researchers across the Vanderbilt campus and with other institutions; as a result, the strong basic research mission of the VVRC has been enhanced by participation of clinical researchers. The Core grant has improved our ability to recruit world-class vision researchers to Vanderbilt and, in conjunction with an NEI training grant, has improved our development of new vision scientists through the VVRC Training Program. The high level of performance of VVRC investigators, which depends on renewed Core grant support, will synergize with new campus- wide initiatives in neuroscience research and training at Vanderbilt.
Keywords: biomedical facility, vision
Project start date: 1989-04-01
Project end date: 2004-03-31
2P30EY008126-11 (1999): $285874
NEURAL CONTROL OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT
Jeffrey D Schall
Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, Tn 37203-6869
Grant 5R01MH055806-14 from National Institute Of Mental Health
Abstract: The long-term goal of this research is to understand how the brain controls and monitors the actions it produces gain insight into the causes of dyscontrol underlying various psychopathologies. The activity of ensembles of neurons and local field potentials will be monitored in the frontal lobe of monkeys performing a saccade countermanding task that probes the ability to inhibit a movement at different degrees of preparation by presenting an infrequent but imperative stop signal. The frontal eye field will be studied to further elucidate the neural activity that determines whether and when a movement will occur. The supplementary eye field and anterior cingulate cortex will be studied to characterize the neural concomitants of supervisory control signals and to determine how executive control is exerted. Patterns of ensemble neural activity and local field potentials will be analyzed through procedures specified by the race model of stop signal task performance to evaluate specific hypothesis about how the brain prepares and initiates movements (Aim 1), monitors the consequences of movements (Aim 2) and exerts executive control to improve performance (Aim 3). These data will contribute to distinguishing between erro and conflict monitoring theories of executive control
Keywords: Address; Anatomic; Anatomical Sciences; Anatomy; Anterior; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Brain; Cell Communication and Signaling; Cell Signaling; Conflict; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Electric Stimulation; Electrical Stimulation; Encephalon; Encephalons; Eye Movements; Generalized Growth; Goals; Growth; Hand; History; Individual; Intracellular Communication and Signaling; Investigation; Macaca; Macaque; Mediating; Modeling; Monitor; Monkeys; Movement; Nerve Cells; Nerve Unit; Nervous; Nervous System, Brain; Neural Cell; Neurocyte; Neurons; Pattern; Performance; Physiology; Preparation; Probability; Procedures; Process; Production; Psychological reinforcement; Psychopathology; Pursuit, Saccadic; Race; Racial Group; Reaction Time; Recording of previous events; Reinforcement; Reinforcement (Psychology); Research; Response RT; Response Time; Saccades; Saccadic Eye Movements; Science of Anatomy; Signal Transduction; Signal Transduction Systems; Signaling; Specific qualifier value; Specified; Stocks, Racial; System; System, LOINC Axis 4; Task Performances; Time; Tissue Growth; Training; Visual Fields; abnormal psychology; anatomy; base; biological signal transduction; body movement; brain control; cingulate cortex; executive control; executive function; frontal cortex; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; improved; insight; microstimulation; mind control; neural; neural control; neural mechanism; neural regulation; neuromechanism; neuronal; neuroregulation; ontogeny; psychomotor reaction time; relating to nervous system; response; theories
Project start date: 1996-06-01
Project end date: 2012-04-30
Budget start date: 1-MAY-2010
Budget end date: 30-APR-2011
5R01MH055806-14 (2010): $345375
5R01MH055806-13 (2009): $345375
2R01MH055806-11A1 (2007): $345188
SACCADE TARGET SELECTION-FRONTAL CORTEX
Jeffrey D Schall
Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, Tn 37203-6869
Grant 3R01EY008890-19S2 from National Eye Institute
Abstract: The long-term goal of our research is to understand how the visual system decides where to look. The activity of multiple neurons will be monitored simultaneously in monkeys performing visual search tasks designed to dissociate visual processing from saccade preparation. The frontal eye field will be studied because it is situated anatomically to sample the outcome of visual processing to orient attention and produce motor commands to orient gaze. Patterns of neural activity will be analyzed to evaluate specific hypotheses about how visual information is encoded for target selection among pools of neurons (Aim 1), to describe how sensory-motor mapping occurs between visual and saccade neurons (Aim 2) and to determine how short-term and long-term experience influences saccade target selection (Aim 3). Understanding how the brain selects visual stimuli for action is necessary to understand the causes of impaired visual behavior
Keywords: Address; Architecture; Attention; Behavior; Brain; Code; Coding System; Color; Cues; Diffusion; Dimensions; Encephalon; Encephalons; Engineering / Architecture; Eye Movements; Goals; Grant; Investigation; Macaca; Macaque; Maps; Monitor; Monkeys; Motor; Movement; Nerve Cells; Nerve Unit; Nervous; Nervous System, Brain; Neural Cell; Neurocyte; Neurons; Outcome; Performance; Preparation; Process; Programs (PT); Programs [Publication Type]; Property; Property, LOINC Axis 2; Pursuit, Saccadic; Race; Racial Group; Relative; Relative (related person); Research; Saccades; Saccadic Eye Movements; Sampling; Scheme; Sensory; Shapes; Staging; Stimulus; Stocks, Racial; Time; Visual; Visual System; Visual system structure; body movement; design; designing; experience; frontal cortex; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; gaze; neural; neural mechanism; neural patterning; neuromechanism; neuronal; programs; relating to nervous system; visual information; visual process; visual processing; visual search; visual stimulus
Project start date: 1991-01-01
Project end date: 2011-09-29
Budget start date: 30-SEP-2009
Budget end date: 29-SEP-2011
3R01EY008890-19S2 (2009): $469261
2R01EY008890-15 (2005): $366813
NEURAL CONTROL OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 5R01MH055806-10 from National Institute Of Mental Health IRG: IFCN
Abstract: The long-term goal of our research is to understand how the brain controls and monitors the actions it produces. The activity of ensembles of neurons will be monitored in monkeys performing countermanding (stopping) tasks. Experiments will manipulate the properties and context of the stop signal. The frontal eye field will be studied to further elucidate the neural activity that species whether and when a movement will occur. The supplementary eye field and anterior cingulate cortex will be studied to characterize the neural concomitants of supervisory control signals. Patterns of ensemble neural activity will be analyzed to evaluate specific hypothesis about how the brain prepares and initiates movements (Aim 1), monitors the consequences of movements (Aim 2) and generates supervisory control signals (Aim 3). Understanding how the brain control normal action in necessary to understand the causes of dyscontrol underlying various psychopathologies.
Keywords: brain electrical activity, eye movement, neural information processing, neuroregulation, sensory signal detection, visual field, action potential, cingulate gyrus, neurophysiology, neuropsychology, operant conditioning, psychomotor reaction time, reinforcer, saccade, smooth pursuit eye movement, visual fixation, visual pathway, visual stimulus, visual threshold, Macaca, histology, magnetic resonance imaging, single cell analysis, tissue /cell preparation
Project start date: 1996-06-01
Project end date: 2007-04-30
5R01MH055806-10 (2006): $258041
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
5R01MH055806-09 (2005): $264250
5R01MH055806-08 (2004): $264250
5R01MH055806-07 (2003): $302000
2R01MH055806-06A1 (2002): $316779
TRAINING GRANT IN VISION RESEARCH
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Ophthalmologyvanderbilt University
medical Center
nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 5T32EY007135-15 from National Eye Institute IRG: ZEY1
Abstract: Sixteen members of the Vanderbilt Vision Research Center (VVRC) request continued support for predoctoral and postdoctoral training. Vision researchers at Vanderbilt have maintained an exceptionally strong training record with excellent research progress. Aggressive faculty recruiting during the last grant period has doubled the number of qualified preceptors and the number of NEI-funded research grants extending the program of research and training from traditional psychophysics and visual neuroscience to molecular eye research. Individuals trained during the last grant period have obtained competitive postdoctoral or faculty positions and developed independent careers in vision research. Training will continue in visual neuroscience and psychophysics and will be extended to molecular mechanisms in the eye such as transduction, retinal processing and retinal disease. Specific program requirements for predoctoral trainees include (1) The Visual System, a course team-taught by program faculty, (2) additional courses specified by the trainee´s graduate program selected from an extensive curriculum covering molecular biology, neuroscience, perception and engineering, (3) participation in the Vanderbilt Vision Research Seminar series and related seminars on campus, (4) participation in international scientific meetings such as Association for Research in Vision & Ophthalmology, Vision Science Society and Society for Neuroscience, (5) participation in a Responsible Conduct of Research program, and (6) most importantly, research supervised by one or more preceptors. Postdoctoral trainees are required to fulfill the same requirements except (2) while they prepare an independent NRSA proposal. Trainees will be recruited nationally with emphasis on minority sources. Alliances with traditionally African-American institutions in Nashville such as Meharry Medical College, Fisk University and Tennessee State University facilitate minority recruiting. This training program develops independent, academic vision researchers through interdisciplinary training in vision and eye research fostered by the number and cohesiveness of vision and eye researchers at Vanderbilt
Project start date: 1993-12-01
Project end date: 2009-11-30
5T32EY007135-15 (2008): $320596
5T32EY007135-14 (2007): $285744
5T32EY007135-13 (2006): $376268
5T32EY007135-12 (2005): $379781
2T32EY007135-11 (2004): $376268
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Psychologyvanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 5P30EY008126-19 from National Eye Institute IRG: ZEY1
Abstract: DESCRIPTION () The Vanderbilt Vision Research Center (VVRC) spanning the College of Arts & Science, Peabody College of Education, School of Engineering and School of Medicine requests uninterrupted support for four modules plus support for one new module. (1) The Animal Care Module provides specialized breeding, enrichment, surgical support and veterinary care of nonhuman primates and other large animals as well as genotyping and phenotyping of transgenic mice. These services by the Vanderbilt Division of Animal Care. (2) The Computer Module provides hardware installation and maintenance, software development for visual displays and real-time data acquisition and analysis, webpage maintenance and production of illustrations for journals, slides and posters. (3) The Image Processing Module aids acquisition and analysis of optical imaging, fMRI and other imaging data. This module will also provide access to and support of confocal microscopy. (4) The Shop Module repairs, designs and fabricates specialized optical, mechanical and electronic instruments. Support is also requested for a new Gene & Protein Analysis Module that will provide economical access to gene microarray and protein mass spectrometry services. Administrative support is requested to ensure continued smooth and stable operation of the VVRC research and training missions. Modules are directed by investigators with NEI funding, have talented and experienced staff and provide services that are otherwise not available or would be prohibitively expensive or slow. During the last grant period, each module was used moderately or extensively by no less than five investigators. VVRC investigators produced several hundred publications that made fundamental contributions to basic and clinical visual science. The Core grant has increased collaborations between basic and clinical vision researchers across the Vanderbilt campus and with other institutions. The Core grant has improved our ability to recruit world-class vision researchers to Vanderbilt resulting in a more-thandoubling of NEI-sponsored research at Vanderbilt. The high level of performance of VVRC investigators, which depends on renewed Core grant support, synergizes with campus-wide initiatives in biomedical research and training at Vanderbilt.
Keywords: biomedical facility, vision
Project start date: 1997-04-01
Project end date: 2009-03-31
5P30EY008126-19 (2007): $806236
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
SACCADE TARGET SELECTION--FRONTAL CORTEX
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 2R01EY008890-10 from National Eye Institute IRG: VISB
Abstract: Adapted from applicant s ) The long-term goal of our research is to understand how the visual system decides where to look. The activity of many neurons will be monitored simultaneously in monkeys performing visual search tasks. Experiments will manipulate the properties of targets and distractors across or within trials. The frontal eye field will be studied because it is positioned anatomically to convert the outcome of visual processing into a command to orient gaze. The visuomotor thalamic nuclei that are connected with frontal eye field will be studied because very little is known about thalamocortical transformations in this pathway. Patterns of ensemble neural activity will be analyzed to evaluate specific hypotheses abut how visual information is encoded and flows between visual selection and saccade programming stages of processing (Aim 1) and to determine how cognitive representations influence the visual selection process (Aim 2). Reconstructions of recording sites will be correlated with connectivity and architecture to describe the functional architecture of the frontal eye field (Aim 3) and the visuomotor thalamic nuclei (Aim 4). Understanding how the brain normally selects visual stimuli for action is necessary to understand the causes of impaired visual behavior.
Keywords: brain electrical activity, frontal lobe /cortex, neural information processing, saccade, visual cortex, visual tracking, experience, neurophysiology, thalamic nuclei, thalamocortical tract, thalamus, visual field, visual perception, visual stimulus, Macaca mulatta
Project start date: 1991-01-01
Project end date: 2005-05-31
2R01EY008890-10 (2000): $357104
NEURAL CONTROL OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 5R01MH055806-05 from National Institute Of Mental Health IRG: CFN
Abstract: Adapted from applicant s ) How the brain controls voluntary movements is a central problem of cognitive neuroscience. Besides the scientific interest, understanding the neural regulation of action is necessary for diagnosing and treating disorders involving impaired control of action including psychopathologies such as schizophrenia. Neural circuits that prepare and initiate movements are being identified, but specific information is lacking about how these neural circuits mediate the decision to move. Thus, the long-term goal of this work is to understand how the brain regulates the initiation of voluntary movements. Experiments will investigate neural activity in the brain of macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that are performing tasks that systematically manipulate the preparation and execution of movements. The present experiments will concentrate on movements of the eyes because so much is known about the neural basis of gaze control. Neural activity will be recorded in the frontal eye field and supplementary eye field, two cortical areas at the interface of perceptual processing and motor output, and in the thalamic nuclei innervating these areas. Neural signatures predicting movement initiation will be sought using a countermanding task which manipulates subjects ability to inhibit a planned movement. Performance on this task is accounted for with a model of a race between a process that generates the movement and a process that inhibits the movement. The race model provides a way to estimate how long it takes to countermand a planned movement. With this information we can evaluate whether neurons, which are directly involved in producing the movement, can generate signals that could effectively prevent the movement. The hypotheses that movements are initiated when neural activity reaches either an absolute or a relative threshold will be tested. Quantitative predictions derived from data obtained in the countermanding task will be tested in an instructed delay task in which movements are delayed until presentation of an imperative trigger signal. By experimentally manipulating the statistical predictability of the time of occurrence of the trigger signal, subjects will be implicitly encouraged or discouraged to make self-generated, anticipatory movements as opposed to stimulus triggered movements. These tasks will provide a broad range of behavior with which to evaluate competing hypotheses about the neural basis of movement control. The strength of this application lies in the simultaneous assessment of behavior and of the single neurons that are involved in producing the behavior. Sophisticated, new analytical methods will be used to relate behavioral performance to underlying neural activity. Successful completion of these experiments will provide unprecedented information about the respective neural mechanisms in frontal cortex and thalamus that are responsible for controlling behavior.
Keywords: brain electrical activity, eye movement, neural information processing, neuroregulation, neural inhibition, neural initiation, visual pathway, Macaca, electroencephalography, single cell analysis
Project start date: 1996-06-01
Project end date: 2002-02-28
5R01MH055806-05 (2000): $161558
5R01MH055806-04 (1999): $155344
5R01MH055806-03 (1998): $149369
5R01MH055806-02 (1997): $144568
Jeffrey D Schall
Vanderbilt University
Project start date: 1993-12-01
Project end date: 2014-12-31
Jeffrey D Schall
Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, Tn 37203-6869
Grant 3P30EY008126-22S1 from National Eye Institute
Project start date: 1997-04-01
Project end date: 2014-04-30
Budget start date: 1-AUG-2010
Budget end date: 30-APR-2011
3P30EY008126-22S1 (2010): $155000
TRAINING GRANT IN VISION RESEARCH
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 5T32EY007135-10 from National Eye Institute IRG: ZEY1
Project start date: 1993-12-01
Project end date: 2003-11-30
5T32EY007135-10 (2003): $212833
5T32EY007135-09 (2002): $118490
5T32EY007135-08 (2001): $195327
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
5T32EY007135-07 (2000): $23805
2T32EY007135-06 (1999): $173724
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 5P30EY008126-109005 from National Eye Institute
Keywords: animal care, biomedical facility, vision
SACCADE TARGET SELECTION--FRONTAL CORTEX
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Psychologyvanderbilt University
medical Center
nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 2R01EY008890-06A1 from National Eye Institute IRG: VISB
Project start date: 1991-01-01
Project end date: 2000-05-31
2R01EY008890-06A1 (1996): $180260
NEURAL CONTROL OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT
Jeffrey D Schall, Professor
Psychologyvanderbilt University
medical Center
nashville, Tn 372036869
Grant 1R01MH055806-01 from National Institute Of Mental Health IRG: CFN
Project start date: 1996-06-01
Project end date: 2001-05-31
1R01MH055806-01 (1996): $141734