CLINICAL COURSE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AMONG BLACKS
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
University Of Illinois At Chicago 310 Aob, M/c 672 Chicago, Il 60612
Grant 5R01HL038557-02 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: EDC
Abstract: The clinical course of coronary artery disease (CAD) among blacks in the U.S. has not been well studied. A better understanding of the clinical epidemiology of CAD in this population would be important for several reasons. First, there is evidence that blacks suffer higher case-fatality rates from CAD and have shorter survival once symptoms have appeared. Second, additional evidence is available to suggest that blacks have limited access to medical care for this disease, including notably acute coronary care and bypass surgery. Delineation of the clinical course of CAD among blacks would make it possible to assess the potential importance of this problem. Finally, study of CAD in a group with a high prevalence of hypertension and a marked increased risk among women may yield additional information about the biology of this disease process. We propose to recruit, characterize and follow long-term (up to 2 years) a cohort of 1000 black patients with symptomatic CAD. Patients will be entered into the study after one of three events myocardial infarction (MI), new onset angina, or cardiac catheterization (during which CAD is demonstrated). An additional sub-group of patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) will be followed. Key end-points will include 1) Case fatality rates from acute events; 2) Long-term survival rates; 3) Sudden vs. non-sudden death rates; 4) Occurrence of first MI among patients with new onset angina; 5) Functional recovery after MI and CABG. The value of baseline characteristics as predictors of mortality will be assessed. Two control groups will be recruited to provide comparisons of baseline findings and the end-points defined above. One control group will consist of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for chest pain who are found to have normal coronary arteries and the second will be patients who have been diagnosed to have mild/moderate hypertension and no apparent CAD. One hundred fifty patients from each of these control groups will be followed long-term, primarily through surveillance of government vital status records. This study will provide the first comprehensive data set on the clinical course of CAD in the poor and working class black population of the urban U.S.
Keywords: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS EPIDEMIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE CONTROL STUDY SECTION, HEART DISORDERS, CORONARY, HEART DISORDERS, CORONARY, ANGINA PECTORIS, HEART DISORDERS, CORONARY, MYOCARDIAL INFARCT, POPULATION STUDIES HUMAN, MORTALITY, SOCIAL GROUPS, ETHNIC, AMERICANS, BLACK AMERICANS, BODY PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, BODY WEIGHT, OBESITY, CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS DIAGNOSIS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, HYPERTENSION (SYSTEMIC), CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY, CIRCULATORY ASSIST, HEART BYPASS SURGICAL, CHEMISTRY, CLINICAL, BLOOD, CHOLESTANE SERIES, CHOLESTEROL, HEART DISORDERS DIAGNOSIS (INCL EXAMS), HEART DISORDERS DIAGNOSIS, HEART CATHETERIZATION, LIPIDS, GLYCERIDES, TRIGLYCERIDES, LIPOPROTEINS BLOOD, LIPOPROTEINS5R01HL038557-11
Project start date: 1986-07-01
Project end date: 1989-06-30
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
CLINICAL COURSE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AMONG BLACKS
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R01HL038557-06 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: EDC
Abstract: This application will address the major unanswered questions in the clinical epidemiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) among blacks. If funded the present application will extend by two years the findings of previous work in the following areas (a) Natural history. An emerging body of data suggests that blacks with symptomatic CAD have a worse prognosis than do whites. Additional observation in the cohort of 1,800 patients enrolled will yield definitive information on the survival experience of low-income, urban blacks with all the important CAD syndromes. A cohort of 356 blacks are being following after hospital discharge for myocardial infarction (MI); 1,233 black patients are being followed after cardiae catheterization for suspected CAD; and 247 patients are being followed after coronary bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. (b) The health eare seeking behavior of lower socio-economic blacks attending a public hospital will be compared to middle class blacks and whites seeking care at a large HMO. Prehospital delay with acute MI will serve as the index event. Collection of psychosocial data will permit an examination of the effect of psychological and social class factors separate from institutional barriers. (c) Prior reports suggest that black women are more susceptible to CAD and have worse survival among symptomatic cases. The extensive data base available will allow a detailed analysis of this question. (d) Recovery after CABG will be evaluated through vital status surveillance, repeat treadmill exercise testing and survey questionnaire. Determinants of survival in this cohort will be evaluated to possible establish mechanisms for the high death rate. Particular emphasis will be directed toward the effects of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). As an important sequela of long- standing hypertension, LVH is more common in blacks and may account for much of the reduction in survival. As estimated by echocardiogram the presence of LVH is a more powerful predictor of mortality than the severity of CAD or the state or left ventricular function. A cohort of 678 patients are being followed after catheterization and echo measurement of LV mass. The role of LVH on survival following MI will also be examined. In 4 groups, stratified by the presence or absence of LVH and the presence or absence of CAD, the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias will be determined (75/group). These data will provide information on the independent contribution of LVH to ventricular arrhythmias and allow an assessment of its quantitative relationship.
Keywords: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEART DISORDERS, ARRHYTHMIA, PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS, HEART DISORDERS, CORONARY, HEART DISORDERS, CORONARY, ANGINA PECTORIS, HEART DISORDERS, CORONARY, MYOCARDIAL INFARCT, HEART DISORDERS, HEART ENLARGEMENT, VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY, NURSING, NURSING CARE, NURSING CARE QUALITY, POPULATION STUDIES HUMAN, MORTALITY, SOCIAL GROUPS, ETHNIC, AMERICANS, BLACK AMERICANS, BODY PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, BODY WEIGHT, OBESITY, CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS DIAGNOSIS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, HYPERTENSION (SYSTEMIC), CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY, CIRCULATORY ASSIST, HEART BYPASS SURGICAL, CHEMISTRY, CLINICAL, BLOOD, CHOLESTANE SERIES, CHOLESTEROL, DISEASES, PROGNOSIS, HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE, GROUP PRACTICE, HEART DISORDERS DIAGNOSIS (INCL EXAMS), HEART DISORDERS DIAGNOSIS, HEART CATHETERIZATION, INFORMATION GATHERING (DATA COLLECTION), QUESTIONNAIRES, POPULATION STUDIES HUMAN, LONGITUDINAL STUDY, POPULATION STUDIES HUMAN, VITAL STATISTICS, SEX, SEX DIFFERENCE, SOCIOENVIRONMENT, URBAN POVERTY AREAS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS DIAGNOSIS, EXERCISE STRESS TESTING, HEART VISUALIZATION, ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, HUMAN, NON-CLINICAL
Project start date: 1989-12-01
Project end date: 1992-06-30
CLINICAL COURSE OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN BLACK WOMEN
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Preventative Medicine And Epidemiologyloyola University Chicago
2160 S First Ave
maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R01HL038557-08 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: EDC
Abstract: The research proposed in this application will address a series of major questions related to the clinical epidemiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) among black women. Funds are requested to continue an on going study involving 2,806 black men and women who have been enrolled in a hospital-based registry; examination of the survival patterns and related risk factors in the cohort of 1,559 black women will be the primary focus of this project. Black women in the US suffer age-adjusted death rates from CAD that are 24% higher than found among white women. In addition, the relative gender-related advantage experienced by black women for CAD is much less than among whites. Very limited data currently exist on the clinical course Of CAD among black women. It appears from existing data, however, that incidence rates, acute case-fatality, and long-term survival are all worse than among white women. High rates of hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and diabetes may provide a partial explanation for these findings. Although these medical conditions have been widely studied among men, no data exist to our knowledge among black women. Our preliminary analyses indicate that among blacks with coexistent CAD and diabetes a strong "gender by disease state" interaction exists, suggesting that information from other population groups cannot provide the basis for direct inference to black women. Additional support is requested to extend the follow-up on this large cohort for another three years. Within this period the accumulated number of events will permit detailed survival analyses by sex, and allow us for the first time to investigate the impact of the risk factors mentioned above among black women. In addition, a short-term follow-up study of a population sample of black with chest pain is proposed
Keywords: African American, cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, coronary disorder, female, pathologic process angina pectoris, coronary artery, diabetes mellitus, human mortality, hypertension, longitudinal human study, myocardial infarction, obesity, premature ventricular contraction, prognosis, sex difference, ventricular hypertrophy, vital statistics blood chemistry, cardiovascular stress test, echocardiography, heart catheterization, heart disorder diagnosis, human subject, questionnaire
Project start date: 1989-12-01
Project end date: 1995-12-31
5R01HL038557-08 (1994): $91914
CLINICAL COURSE OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN BLACKS
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Preventative Medicine And Epidemiologyloyola University Chicago
2160 S First Ave
maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R01HL038557-11 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: ZRG4
Abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) accounts for 23% of deaths among black Americans and is the most common cause of death. CHD death rates are substantially higher among blacks than whites and the differential is increasing. If current trends persist, by the year 2000 rates will be 40% higher for black men and 60% higher for black women compared to their white counterparts. In addition to these trends, a variety of studies demonstrate a survival disadvantage for black patients with symptomatic CHD. Not only is access to care more limited for blacks, even within health systems where financial barriers are eliminated, mortality rates for each level of disease severity are higher. Over the next phase of this research in a cohort of 2500 patients from a single public institution, the investigators propose to accomplish two primary aims. First, they will continue to follow the original cohort to examine the interaction of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and mortality risk in the subgroup of patients with CHD, to investigate further the impact of left ventricular geometry on survival, and to define the prognostic significance of obesity. Second, the investigators will enroll a new clinical cohort of 5,600 patients, approximately equally divided between blacks and whites, from Louisiana State University (LSU) Medical Center. The survival patterns of these groups will be compared directly, and the contribution of LVH to the blackwhite differential estimated. The new cohort will serve as a validation sample for the hypotheses derived from the original cohort. Many of the basic aspects of the clinical epidemiology of CHD among blacks remain poorly defined. Attempts to design appropriate intervention strategies must be based on observational studies of sufficient size and duration to provide unambiguous estimates of the major contributors to excess mortality among black patients with CHD and among whites with CHD and LVH. This project should provide definitive answers to a set of major questions in the clinical epidemiology of CHD
Keywords: African American, cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, coronary disorder, female, pathologic process, prognosis caucasian American, human mortality, longitudinal human study, obesity, premature ventricular contraction, racial /ethnic difference, sex difference blood chemistry, cardiovascular stress test, clinical research, echocardiography, heart catheterization, heart disorder diagnosis, human subject, questionnaire, statistics /biometry
Project start date: 1989-12-01
Project end date: 2000-03-31
5R01HL038557-11 (1997): $87773
5R01HL038557-12 (1998): $110338
Grants awarded to Richard Stanley Cooper
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Preventative Medicine And Epidemiologyloyola University Chicago
2160 S First Ave
maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R03TW001172-03 from Fogarty International Center IRG: ICP
Abstract: Within the framework of an on-going collaborative study of hypertension in populations of African origin, s propose to extend work on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). A population-based prevalence survey has been completed in Jamaica and will provide samples for genetic analysis. Ten polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) will be typed in 1,000 individuals from the hypertension survey. Pointwise analyses of linkage disequilibrium between alleles at these polymorphic sites and phenotypes of interest (serum ACE activity, blood pressure as a continuous trait and hypertension as a dichotomous trait) will be conducted. To narrow the critical interval within the ACE gene which contains molecular variants that contribute to the variance of serum ACE activity and/or blood pressure in this population, additional measured haplotype" analyses will be carried out. Finally, sequencing will be undertaken in the critical interval of the ACE gene to define the existing genetic variation. Support is requested in this application for laboratory analyses at the Tropical Metabolism Research Unit (TMRU), Kingston, Jamaica. Dr. Colin McKenzie, who will carry out the genotyping, recently completed a DPhil at Oxford University in the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics. The proposed research is a direct extension of his work at Oxford. An important advantage provided by the Jamaican population is the presence of extensive variation in haplotypes. This diversity allows for the analysis of ancestral recombination events to refine the position of variants which influence ACE levels. Dr. McKenzie will be supported by continued collaboration with Oxford investigators, as well as the PI and statistical geneticists at Loyola. A strong collaborative relationship has been established over the last 5 years between the TMRU and Loyola University Medical School. Three NIH grants have been jointly funded between these groups, and a number of publications have been co-authored. This scientific interchange will be further enhanced by the opportunity for new original research at the TMRU. Substantial work on the genetics of hypertension, with a focus on the RAS, has already been already initiated within this collaborative research project, directed by Dr. Cooper and the group at Loyola. However, Dr. McKenzie´s contribution will be unique, and will combine advanced genetic methods with the epidemiologic resources that exist within the parent project. In addition, this work will further aid in the development of research capacity within the Caribbean
Keywords: African Caribbean, cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, genetic susceptibility, human population genetics, hypertension, peptidyl dipeptidase A enzyme activity, genetic polymorphism, linkage disequilibrium clinical research, human data, human genetic material tag
Project start date: 1999-09-30
Project end date: 2002-08-31
5R03TW001172-03 (2001): $40320
5R03TW001172-02 (2000): $40320
GENETICS OF HYPERTENSION IN BLACKS
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R01HL053353-03 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: EDC
Abstract: This revised application requests support to investigate the genetic determinants of hypertension (HTN) in three populations of the African diaspora, with a major focus on clarifying the role of genes that code for the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The primary goals of this study are i) Determine the extent to which genetic variability of the RAS genes influences the distribution of blood pressure (and of RAS intermediate phenotypes) within each population, and contrast the results across populations; 2) Use family studies, within each population, to determine the degree-of familial aggregation of blood pressure, and of the RAS intermediate phenotypes; 3) Use segregation analysis to determine the contribution of "major genes" to the familial aggregation of BP and of HTN, and determine whether RAS genes cosegregate with HTN, or with RAS intermediate phenotypes; 4) Evaluate whether the different prevalence of HTN in each community reflects differences in their genetic background. The study sites include Ibadan, Nigeria, Kingston, Jamaica, and Maywood, IL. At each site, genetic and epidemiological data will be collected from 800 individuals, sampled as follows 500 individuals comprising 100 five- member structured family sets (proband, spouse, two sibs, one offspring, or half-sib), equally ascertained from the highest and lowest quartiles of the blood pressure distribution, as defined by an ongoing community-wide survey; 300 unrelated singletons, also sampled equally from the highest and lowest BP quartiles. The following measurements will be obtained from all participants. Epidemiological variables BP, height, weight, waist/hip ratio, skinfolds, urine Na/K and sociodemographic variables; Intermediate phenotypes Plasma levels of angiotensinogen, renin and angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE); Genotypes A set of DNA polymorphisms at the 4 main RAS loci (angiotensinogen, renin, ACE and the angiotensin II-type l receptor). This community-based study in 3 geographically distinct populations of West African heritage with contrasting levels of HTN risk will be the first comprehensive examination of the genetics of HTN in African Americans. We focus on the renin-angiotensin system because it is the only physiological arm of blood pressure control for which candidate genes have been securely linked to the risk of HTN. Polymorphisms at the angiotensinogen locus vary considerably between blacks and whites, while greater similarities are apparent for ACE. Preliminary data are available demonstrating that ACE genotype determines ACE levels in our populations, as observed among whites. In addition, an effect of ACE genotype on obesity has been observed among men. The documented blackwhite differences in the RAS system emphasize the importance of determining whether RAS genes contribute to the excessively high risk of HTN experienced by African Americans. This study will generate unique information about the variability of the RAS loci in populations of West African heritage, and the contribution of this variability to HTN risk. The data from this study, including the DNA specimens, will also represent a valuable resource for future work on the genetics of HTN in this important ethnic group.
Keywords: African, African American, African Caribbean, environment associated hypertension, familial hypertension, gene expression, genetic polymorphism, human population study, renin /angiotensin system, blood pressure, body physical characteristics, cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, family genetics, genotype, linkage mapping, peptidyl dipeptidase A, phenotype, clinical chemistry, human genetic material tag, human subject, urinalysis
Project start date: 1995-09-30
Project end date: 1999-08-31
5R01HL053353-03 (1997): $433255
5R01HL053353-13 (2010): $732314
2R01HL053353-12A1 (2009): $772953
HYPERTENSION IN BLACKS--THE US, AFRICA And THE CARIBBEAN
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R01HL045508-02 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: EDC
Abstract: This application requests support to examine the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in black populations in the U.S., West Africa and the Caribbean. Blacks experience twice the rates of hypertension as whites in the U.S., for reasons which remain incompletely understood. Research in the epidemiology of hypertension has successfully identified a number of environmental risk factors; a systematic study of the impact of these risk factors on hypertension rates in blacks should yield new insight into this disease process. An international collaborative study comparing black populations in Africa and the Western Hemisphere offers the opportunity to separate the impact of genetic and environmental factors. Based on a standardized common protocol, data will be collected on the following variables blood pressure (BP), age, sex, height, weight, waist/hip ratio, urinary sodium/potassium excretion, alcohol and calcium intake, and assessment of social status/incongruity. The samples will be drawn from Chicago, IL, St. Lucia, the West Indies, and from both urban and rural communities in Nigeria and the Republic of Cameroon (N = 6 sites). A total of 1600 individuals, in the age range 25-64, will be enrolled at each site. Study coordination, including training of survey teams and data processing and analysis, will take place in Chicago. The principal aims of this study are (1) To determine the direction and magnitude of the relationship between the risk factors and BP, in each population separately, (2) To estimate group differences in the risk factors, (3) To estimate the proportion of excess hypertension risk in the U.S. sample that can be accounted for by the measured variables, and (4) To estimate prevalence rates of hypertension in these geographically dispersed populations which share a common West African genetic heritage. Excess risk associated with hypertension accounts for as much as 10% of the blackwhite differential in adult mortality. The findings in this study will provide direct evidence regarding the evolution of the high rates of hypertension experienced by U.S. blacks, and offer insight into the key environmental exposures which cause this common disease. These data will greatly strengthen public health programs aimed at prevention and control of hypertension.
Keywords: African, African American, African Caribbean, cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, disease proneness /risk, human population study, hypertension, adult human (21+), alcoholic beverage consumption, blood pressure, body physical characteristics, dietary calcium, disease prevention /control, environment associated hypertension, familial hypertension, obesity, pathology, social status, computer processing of clinical data, data collection methodology /evaluation, field study, human nonclinical subject, interview, statistics /biometry
Project start date: 1991-03-15
Project end date: 1993-02-28
5R01HL045508-02 (1992): $274281
HYPERTENSION IN POPULATIONS OF WEST AFRICAN ORIGIN
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R01HL045508-05 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: EDC
Abstract: This application requests support to continue an international collaborative study on hypertension in populations of West African origin. During the first phase of this project 12,000 adults between the ages of 25 and 74 will be sampled from 7 communities West Africa (Nigeria, urban and rural; Cameroon, urban and rural), the West Indies (St. Lucia, Barbados) and Maywood (lllinois). The screening examination provides information on blood pressure (BP), height, weight, waist/hip ratio, alcohol use, education/occupation, sodium/potassium excretion and social stress. These data will provide estimates of hypertension prevalence in each geographic region and the contribution of the known risk factor to higher rates among US blacks. In the first phase considerable effort has been directed toward establishing a strong research infrastructure in each of the sites and demonstrating the feasibility of cross-national BP comparisons. In the second phase we propose to continue and extend this research in three areas 1) Population studies on risk factors. At the time of the original application it was not clear that adequate procedures were available to allow standardization of mean BP across sites, especially since differences between some sites might be as little as 2 mmHg. Experience to date suggests it will be feasible to collect definitive data on this question, as proposed in this application. In-depth studies will be carried out at one of the African sites to investigate the earliest stages of hypertension risk for a population. Investigators in Jamaica and the United Kingdom have joined the collaborative group and will examine the effect of migration from the Caribbean to the UK. 2) Prospective study of blood pressure and mortality. It is well known that hypertension accounts for much of the excess mortality among US blacks. It is less well recognized, however, that death rates among blacks in the US are higher than reported in the Caribbean or Africa. Hypertension is likely to account for that differential. A follow-up study in each region is proposed to estimate the relative and attributable risk from hypertension. 3) Heredity/Genetics. The populations in this study share a common ancestral origin in West Africa. We propose to undertake family studies to determine the heritability of blood pressure/hypertension within and between sites. In addition, pilot studies on genetic distance and candidate genes for hypertension will be conducted. The increased risk of hypertension in US blacks remains a major unsolved public health problem. Comparisons between macro-population groups in the US suffer from confounding by social factors and genetic admixture. The international comparative design provides a unique opportunity to study the evolution of hypertension among populations with a common genetic background currently living in widely varied social conditions. A well- organized network of investigators currently exists in the societies of the black diaspora and provides for the first time an opportunity to conduct cross-national research on this question.
Keywords: African, African American, African Caribbean, cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, disease proneness /risk, hypertension, adult human (21+), alcoholic beverage consumption, blood pressure, body physical characteristics, cooperative study, dietary potassium, dietary sodium, environment associated hypertension, familial hypertension, family genetics, gene frequency, genetic marker, human migration, human mortality, longitudinal human study, human subject, interview, nutrition related tag, statistics /biometry
Project start date: 1991-03-15
Project end date: 1998-03-31
5R01HL045508-05 (1995): $265423
5R01HL045508-04 (1994): $277702
2R01HL045508-03 (1993): $298833
5R01HL045508-07 (1997): $249171
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
CELL CALCIUM AND HYPERTENSION IN AFRICAN AMERICANS
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Preventative Medicine And Epidemiologyloyola University Chicago
2160 S First Ave
maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R01HL047910-04 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: SRC
Abstract: This application requests support for an integrated series of studies designed to clarify the mechanisms which relate cell calcium (Ca) to risk of hypertension (Htn) in blacks. Previous research demonstrates a consistent increase in platelet intracellular Ca (Cai) and membrane-bound Ca (Cab) in Htn. Higher intracellular Na (Nai) has been found in blacks than whites, and a stronger association with blood pressure (BP). Nai, Cai, Cab and BP are all inter-correlated in black hypertensives. These findings suggest that cell cations play a causal role in the excess risk of Htn among black patients. Spectrofluorometry and flow-cytometry will be used to extend studies of Cai and Nai. Ca exchange will be measured in platelet membrane vesicles to assess the functional capacity of the Ca-Mg ATPase pump. The Ca pump protein will be purified and characterized in terms of calmodulin affinity, trypsin sensitivity and molecular weight. If alterations in function or structure of this protein are identified, we will determine the frequency of the genes for its isoforms. Participants will be recruited from population-based research, as well as from the clinical setting and whites will be enrolled to permit comparisons. Three generation black families will be recruited for studies of the familial patterns of Htn among blacks. Among individuals at high risk on the basis of abnormalities in Ca metabolism we will further examine a. The impact of these metabolic traits on Na sensitivity as studied in a randomized trial. b. The potential mediating role of insulin in population surveys. c. The relationships between obesity, insulin and Na sensitivity. d. The potential effect of psychosocial stress. Family pedigrees will be characterized in terms of Htn risk, obesity, insulin resistance, and alterations in Ca metabolism. European admixture will be characterized in the black participants with marker alleles. This research will be linked to on-going studies of blacks in West Africa and the Caribbean. While this research will attempt to address the problem of increased Htn risk among blacks in a comprehensive fashion, the basic goals are focused and complementary. Laboratory research, based firmly on prior experience, will be integrated with population surveys. The mediating effect of the major recognized risk factors will be studied in the context of the biochemical mechanisms. The long-neglected task or studying Htn inheritance in black families will be initiated. If successful, this project should create a level of research sophistication on cation metabolism among blacks equivalent to current efforts in whites, and link US blacks to their populations of origin, as has been accomplished for other US migrant groups
Keywords: African American, calcium flux, calcium metabolism, caucasian American, hypertension adenosinetriphosphatase, allele, calcium, calmodulin, cell membrane, chemical kinetics, disease proneness /risk, epitope mapping, genetic marker, insulin, ion transport, magnesium, membrane model, membrane transport protein, obesity, phosphorylation, protein isoform, protein structure function, proteolysis, psychological stressor, sodium cell sorting, human subject, protein purification, restriction fragment length polymorphism, statistics /biometry
Project start date: 1991-09-30
Project end date: 1995-07-31
5R01HL047910-04 (1994): $171261
CELL CALCIUM AND HYPERTENSION IN BLACKS
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago
2160 S First Ave
maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R01HL047910-03 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: SRC
Abstract: This application requests support for an integrated series of studies designed to clarify the mechanisms which relate cell calcium (Ca) to risk of hypertension (Htn) in blacks. Previous research demonstrates a consistent increase in platelet intracellular Ca (Cai) and membrane-bound Ca (Cab) in Htn. Higher intracellular Na (Nai) has been found in blacks than whites, and a stronger association with blood pressure (BP). Nai, Cai, Cab and BP are all inter-correlated in black hypertensives. These findings suggest that cell cations play a causal role in the excess risk of Htn among black patients. Spectrofluorometry and flow-cytometry will be used to extend studies of Cai and Nai. Ca exchange will be measured in platelet membrane vesicles to assess the functional capacity of the Ca-Mg ATPase pump. The Ca pump protein will be purified and characterized in terms of calmodulin affinity, trypsin sensitivity and molecular weight. If alterations in function or structure of this protein are identified, we will determine the frequency of the genes for its isoforms. Participants will be recruited from population-based research, as well as from the clinical setting and whites will be enrolled to permit comparisons. Three generation black families will be recruited for studies of the familial patterns of Htn among blacks. Among individuals at high risk on the basis of abnormalities in Ca metabolism we will further examine a. The impact of these metabolic traits on Na sensitivity as studied in a randomized trial. b. The potential mediating role of insulin in population surveys. c. The relationships between obesity, insulin and Na sensitivity. d. The potential effect of psychosocial stress. Family pedigrees will be characterized in terms of Htn risk, obesity, insulin resistance, and alterations in Ca metabolism. European admixture will be characterized in the black participants with marker alleles. This research will be linked to on-going studies of blacks in West Africa and the Caribbean. While this research will attempt to address the problem of increased Htn risk among blacks in a comprehensive fashion, the basic goals are focused and complementary. Laboratory research, based firmly on prior experience, will be integrated with population surveys. The mediating effect of the major recognized risk factors will be studied in the context of the biochemical mechanisms. The long-neglected task or studying Htn inheritance in black families will be initiated. If successful, this project should create a level of research sophistication on cation metabolism among blacks equivalent to current efforts in whites, and link US blacks to their populations of origin, as has been accomplished for other US migrant groups
Keywords: African American, calcium flux, calcium metabolism, caucasian American, hypertension adenosinetriphosphatase, allele, calcium, calmodulin, cell membrane, chemical kinetics, disease proneness /risk, epitope mapping, genetic marker, insulin, ion transport, magnesium, membrane model, membrane transport protein, obesity, phosphorylation, protein isoform, protein structure function, proteolysis, psychological stressor, sodium cell sorting, human subject, protein purification, restriction fragment length polymorphism, statistics /biometry
Project start date: 1991-09-30
Project end date: 1995-07-31
5R01HL047910-03 (1993): $152251
CLINICAL COURSE OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN BLACK WOMEN
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago
2160 S First Ave
maywood, Il 60153
Grant 2R01HL038557-07 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: EDC
Abstract: The research proposed in this application will address a series of major questions related to the clinical epidemiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) among black women. Funds are requested to continue an on going study involving 2,806 black men and women who have been enrolled in a hospital-based registry; examination of the survival patterns and related risk factors in the cohort of 1,559 black women will be the primary focus of this project. Black women in the US suffer age-adjusted death rates from CAD that are 24% higher than found among white women. In addition, the relative gender-related advantage experienced by black women for CAD is much less than among whites. Very limited data currently exist on the clinical course Of CAD among black women. It appears from existing data, however, that incidence rates, acute case-fatality, and long-term survival are all worse than among white women. High rates of hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and diabetes may provide a partial explanation for these findings. Although these medical conditions have been widely studied among men, no data exist to our knowledge among black women. Our preliminary analyses indicate that among blacks with coexistent CAD and diabetes a strong "gender by disease state" interaction exists, suggesting that information from other population groups cannot provide the basis for direct inference to black women. Additional support is requested to extend the follow-up on this large cohort for another three years. Within this period the accumulated number of events will permit detailed survival analyses by sex, and allow us for the first time to investigate the impact of the risk factors mentioned above among black women. In addition, a short-term follow-up study of a population sample of black with chest pain is proposed
Keywords: African American, cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, coronary disorder, female, pathologic process angina pectoris, coronary artery, diabetes mellitus, human mortality, hypertension, longitudinal human study, myocardial infarction, obesity, premature ventricular contraction, prognosis, sex difference, ventricular hypertrophy, vital statistics blood chemistry, cardiovascular stress test, echocardiography, heart catheterization, heart disorder diagnosis, human subject, questionnaire
Project start date: 1989-12-01
Project end date: 1995-12-31
2R01HL038557-07 (1993): $88381
FIELD CENTER - GENETICS OF HYPERTENSION
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Preventative Medicine And Epidemiologyloyola University Chicago
2160 S First Ave
maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5U01HL054485-07 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: ZHL1
Abstract: The NHLBI Family Blood Pressure Program is made up of four cooperating networks whose overall objective is to localize and characterize genes contributing to variation in blood pressure levels and hypertension status. The four networks were originally separately funded and competitive, but two critical realizations have led to full cooperation and collaboration. First, the oligogenic nature of blood pressure control dictates that large samples are necessary to achieve adequate statistical power for genomic linkage and association analyses. Second, linkage intervals are broad and contain large numbers of genes, so that success in identifying genes and mutations requires the effort of multiple laboratories freely sharing information. This coordination extends far beyond phenotyping and genotyping and is best exemplified by the Program´s creation of a pooled data set and agreements about coordinated publications. During the initial funding period, the Program surpassed its original recruitment goals, carried out multiple genome-wide linkage and association analyses and created an interim pooled data set consisting of phenotype and genotype data from more than 10,000 individuals. In this renewal application, the Program proposes five specific aims to be carried out by all four networks. These aims can be grouped according to two complementary themes First, these applicants will create and analyze a database of blood pressure- related phenotype and genotype data from all FBPP participants (Aim 1). Within linked regions, they will identify allelic variation within positional candidate genes and evaluate the relationship of these polymorphisms with blood pressure levels and hypertension status (Aims 2 and 3). Second, they will use quantitative measures of target organ damage to identify genes that influence susceptibility to develop hypertensive heart and kidney diseases (Aims 4 and 5). In addition to the Program specific aims, each network proposes specific aims to be carried out by that network alone, based on unique aspects of their population and interests and expertise of the investigators. The Family Blood Pressure Program represents the most determined multidisciplinary approach to the genetics of hypertension ever assembled. The resulting synthesis of ideas and amassed data permits rigorous hypothesis testing not otherwise possible and will hasten understanding of the previously elusive genetic variation responsible for disease risk
Keywords: cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, family genetics, genetic susceptibility, hypertension, linkage mapping blood pressure, cooperative study, genetic polymorphism, genotype, phenotype clinical research, human genetic material tag, human subject
Project start date: 1995-09-05
Project end date: 2005-06-30
5U01HL054485-07 (2001): $429336
2U01HL054485-06 (2000): $448428
5U01HL054485-10 (2004): $161407
5U01HL054485-09 (2003): $572553
Improving Hypertension Treatment In Africa
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Preventative Medicine And Epidemiologyloyola University Chicago
2160 S First Ave
maywood, Il 60153
Grant 1R01HL067883-01 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: ZRG1
Abstract: Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular condition in the world. Although the prevalence varies in different geographic regions, all countries face the challenge of developing effective control strategies. The single most pressing challenge in hypertension is increasing the rate of treatment and control. While considerable progress has been made in the US, much less has been accomplished in developing countries, where rates are 1-3 percent. Although the economic barriers are primary, additional health services research is also needed before strategies that are appropriate to poor countries can be developed. The overall goal of this project, therefore, is to develop the evidence base necessary to guide hypertension treatment and control programs in Africa. Three Specific Aims are proposed (1) Conduct observational-analytic studies to assess the barriers to adherence. (2) Carry out interventions in a university outpatient clinic and in rural and urban community settings to define cost-effective procedures. Treatment arms will include various degrees of enhanced care (eg, free pills, appointment reminders, health education, case managers, transport). (3) Disseminate the results so that similar programs can be implemented and evaluated in other parts of Africa. Our interventions will address a single, two-part question What pill taking rate and what control rate can be achieved using a simple drug regimen and various strategies to maximize adherence? We will monitor adherence by multiple strategies (eg, pill counts, random visits, urine tracer, etc). In addition we will focus on the care giver and determine the positive attributes of the health system that encourage patients to return for visits and take pills as prescribed. Finally, we will evaluate the overall treatment and control as the proportion of patients with BP <140/90. At the present time almost nothing is begin done to improve treatment of adult chronic disease in Africa, despite warnings of an "impending pandemic" of CVD. Great benefit could be obtained from applying therapies of proven efficacy. It is by no means self-evident, however, that drug treatment of asymptomatic conditions is practical in many parts of Africa using current methods. Whether our project yields a "positive" or "negative" result in relation to the main goal of identifying an effective clinical method, the outcome will have far-reaching implications for health care policy in that region
Keywords: Africa, cardiovascular disorder chemotherapy, health behavior, health care service planning, hypertension, regional medical planning, therapy compliance cost effectiveness, health care transport service, health education, medically underserved population, patient care management, rural area, urban poverty area behavior test, behavioral /social science research tag, clinical research, health services research tag, human subject, urinalysis
Project start date: 2001-09-01
Project end date: 2004-08-31
1R01HL067883-01 (2001): $273920
5R01HL067883-03 (2003): $224920
HYPERTENSION IN POPULATIONS OF WEST AFRICAN ORIGIN
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Preventative Medicine And Epidemiologyloyola University Chicago
2160 S First Ave
maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R37HL045508-17 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: NSS
Abstract: Hypertension is 50% more common in blacks than whites in the U.S., and accounts for 20% of adult deaths among blacks. The causes of this increased risk are not well understood. Epidemiologic research has focused principally on blackwhite comparisons, where social and biological factors are confounded. In this competitive renewal application, the investigators request support to continue a large-scale research project on the evolution of hypertension risk across the course of the African diaspora. In this research project, known as The International Collaborative Study on Hypertension in Blacks (ICSHIB), the investigators have examined 18,000 individuals in Africa (Nigeria, Cameroon, Zimbabwe), the Caribbean (Barbados, St. Lucia, Jamaica) the UK (Manchester), and the U.S. (Maywood, IL). Using a standardized protocol, the gradient in risk from very low levels in rural Africa to in high levels in metropolitan Chicago have been characterized. The sociocultural determinants of these patterns have also been extensively documented. While population differences in risk status have been clearly documented, mechanistic studies will be required to understand the etiologic process. In the next phase the investigators propose to examine in further detail the role of the two most potent hypertensive risk factors, namely dietary sodium and obesity. Randomized trials will be carried out in Nigeria, Jamaica and Chicago to determine the relative sodium sensitivity of these populations and the factors which condition the blood pressure response. Studies of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and renal sodium handling will allow comparisons of the causal mechanisms. In addition, body composition will be studied in a large sample of each of these three populations to determine the role of body fat vs. lean body mass. Hormone status (i.e., insulin, leptin will be examined to define physiologic mechanisms, and physical activity will be measured by objective methods (using stable isotopes) to assess the role of sedentarism as a contributor to the hypertension risk experienced by the obese. Existing cohorts will be followed to determine hypertension sequelae and to examine the trajectory of blood pressure change with age. While previous hypertension research has often been largely confined to single cultural setting, much remains to be learned from broad contrasts across environments. The availability of new epidemiologic tools, including genetic markers, has created new opportunities in descriptive epidemiology. Multiple interactions are likely to occur among environmental and genetic risk factors; a broad range of environmental contrasts among genetically related populations creates a powerful research design to study these interactions. The African diaspora creates a unique opportunity for these cross-cultural studies
Keywords: African, African American, African Caribbean, cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, disease /disorder proneness /risk, hypertension, racial /ethnic difference aging, blood pressure, body composition, body physical activity, dietary sodium, disease /disorder etiology, genetic marker, geographic site, hormone metabolism, obesity, renin angiotensin system, rural area, socioenvironment, urban area adult human (21+), human subject, interview, nutrition related tag, statistics /biometry
Project start date: 1991-03-15
Project end date: 2009-06-30
5R37HL045508-17 (2007): $317990
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
5R37HL045508-11 (2001): $445963
5R37HL045508-10 (2000): $342989
FIELD CENTER--GENETICS OF HYPERTENSION
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5U10HL054485-05 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: ZHL1
Abstract: Despite considerable progress in the development of laboratory techniques in molecular biology, the genetic epidemiology of hypertension remains undefined. As a complex polygenic disorder, hypertension presents many difficult challenges for etiologic research. The phenotype is difficult to characterize and it is likely that etiologic heterogeneity, both in terms of environmental as well as genetic factors, is present both within and between populations. The capacity to carry out a search of the entire genome creates new opportunities for this field, and in combination with continued study of known candidate genes, substantial progress could be possible over the next several years. This application is based on a large-scale on-going study of populations of African origin - the International Collaborative Study on Hypertension in Blacks. Beginning in 1991, population based surveys were initiated in 9 sites in 7 countries, including West Africa (Nigeria, Cameroon), the Caribbean (Barbados, St. Lucia and Jamaica) and the US (Maywood, IL). When completed a total 12,000 individuals will have been enrolled in the study. In the study proposed in this application we will use available registries to identify African-American participants ages 25-40 in Maywood. IL whose blood pressures are in the top quartile of the distribution. These individuals, along with available siblings and parents, will be invited for a comprehensive screening examination to characterize the hypertension.related phenotypic characteristics and to provide a DNA sample. A total sample of 250 sibships, plus parents when possible, will be enrolled. These families will provide the basis for linkage analysis and other studies 85 proposed by the network. We will also make available to the network DNA samples on 3700 individuals from the US, African and Caribbean sites in ICSHIB, including population based case-control studies of hypertensives and normotensives. These samples would make it possible to identify African-origin variants at the loci of interest, and to test the generalizability of new findings in case-control studies. An initial focus for the study of candidate genes will include the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Laboratory assays will be performed of renin, angiotensin- converting enzyme and angiotensinogen, along with genotyping. An existing relationship with the University of Utah will be utilized to accomplish genotyping for these candidate loci in an efficient manner.
Keywords: epidemiology, essential hypertension, family genetics, field study, linkage mapping, African, African American, African Caribbean, allele, body physical characteristics, cooperative study, disease /disorder proneness /risk, genome, genotype, phenotype, renin /angiotensin system, human genetic material tag, human subject, polymerase chain reaction
Project start date: 1995-09-05
Project end date: 2000-08-31
5U10HL054485-05 (1999): $152515
5U10HL054485-04 (1998): $331511
5U10HL054485-03 (1997): $306981
Genetics Of Hypertension In Blacks
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R01HL053353-10 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: ECD
Abstract: Defining the genetic architecture of hypertension remains a central challenge for cardiovascular epidemiology. Technical and analytic advances have now created a clear strategy that can be used to move toward that goal. In the 2 completed grant cycles, over 12,000 participants, including family members and unrelated cases/controls, have been recruited from communities in Nigeria, Jamaica and the US. Significant linkage results have been obtained and candidate genes/pathways have been extensively evaluated. In this application we propose to continue a study of the genetics of hypertension in populations of West African origin and attempt positional cloning of susceptibility genes. The goals of this project are 1. Supplement evidence on chromosomes 6, 7 and 11 (MLODs 2.7 - 3.8) with a new set of dense markers; search for positional candidate genes for hypertension at the two best regions. Confirm the linkage evidence found in our current sample with additional markers, narrow the interval and attempt to replicate this evidence of linkage in a sample of 1,689 individuals. 2) Identify the genes under the linkage peak(s), find appropriate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with frequency > 10% and conduct association/linkage disequilibrium mapping. 3). Replicate these findings in additional case-control studies and assess potential gene-environment interactions. The investigators on this application have made a long-term commitment to advancing the epidemiology of hypertension. Populations of African descent provide special opportunities for this research, given the range of disease rates seen among these groups with a common genetic ancestry and the high prevalence in the US. In particular, the heritable effects appear to be estimated with more precision in Nigeria where the mix of environmental exposures is less complex. Consistent progress has been made in the technology and analysis required for molecular studies; building on this experience should make it possible to further refine our understanding of the contribution of genes to this important cause of death and disability.
Keywords: African, African American, African Caribbean, familial hypertension, family genetics, gene expression, genetic polymorphism, genetic susceptibility, blood pressure, body physical characteristic, cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, environment associated hypertension, gene environment interaction, genetic marker, genotype, human population study, linkage mapping, phenotype, quantitative trait loci, clinical research, human genetic material tag, human subject, patient oriented research
Project start date: 1995-09-30
Project end date: 2008-12-31
5R01HL053353-10 (2007): $688512
5R01HL053353-09 (2006): $702933
2R01HL053353-08 (2005): $699556
HYPERTENSION IN POPULATIONS OF WEST AFRICAN ORIGIN
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 3R37HL045508-10S1 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: ZRG4
Abstract: Adapted from Investigator s ) Hypertension is 50% more common in blacks than whites in the U.S., and accounts for 20% of adult deaths among blacks. The causes of this increased risk are not well understood. Epidemiologic research has focused principally on blackwhite comparisons, where social and biological factors are confounded. In this competitive renewal application, the investigators request support to continue a large-scale research project on the evolution of hypertension risk across the course of the African diaspora. In this research project, known as The International Collaborative Study on Hypertension in Blacks (ICSHIB), the investigators have examined 18,000 individuals in Africa (Nigeria, Cameroon, Zimbabwe), the Caribbean (Barbados, St. Lucia, Jamaica) the UK (Manchester), and the U.S. (Maywood, IL). Using a standardized protocol, the gradient in risk from very low levels in rural Africa to in high levels in metropolitan Chicago have been characterized. The sociocultural determinants of these patterns have also been extensively documented. While population differences in risk status have been clearly documented, mechanistic studies will be required to understand the etiologic process. In the next phase the investigators propose to examine in further detail the role of the two most potent hypertensive risk factors, namely dietary sodium and obesity. Randomized trials will be carried out in Nigeria, Jamaica and Chicago to determine the relative sodium sensitivity of these populations and the factors which condition the blood pressure response. Studies of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and renal sodium handling will allow comparisons of the causal mechanisms. In addition, body composition will be studied in a large sample of each of these three populations to determine the role of body fat vs. lean body mass. Hormone status (i.e., insulin, leptin will be examined to define physiologic mechanisms, and physical activity will be measured by objective methods (using stable isotopes) to assess the role of sedentarism as a contributor to the hypertension risk experienced by the obese. Existing cohorts will be followed to determine hypertension sequelae and to examine the trajectory of blood pressure change with age. While previous hypertension research has often been largely confined to single cultural setting, much remains to be learned from broad contrasts across environments. The availability of new epidemiologic tools, including genetic markers, has created new opportunities in descriptive epidemiology. Multiple interactions are likely to occur among environmental and genetic risk factors; a broad range of environmental contrasts among genetically related populations creates a powerful research design to study these interactions. The African diaspora creates a unique opportunity for these cross-cultural studies.
Keywords: African, African American, African Caribbean, cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, disease /disorder proneness /risk, hypertension, racial /ethnic difference, aging, blood pressure, body composition, body physical activity, dietary sodium, disease /disorder etiology, genetic marker, geographic site, hormone metabolism, obesity, renin /angiotensin system, rural area, socioenvironment, urban area, adult human (19+), human subject, interview, nutrition related tag, statistics /biometry
Project start date: 1991-03-15
Project end date: 2003-06-30
3R37HL045508-10S1 (2000): $69415
GENETICS OF HYPERTENSION IN BLACKS
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R01HL053353-07 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: EDC
Abstract: Adapted from s ) This competitive renewal application requests support to continue a study of hypertension in populations of West African origin. During the first cycle 4,000 family members were recruited from Nigeria, Jamaica, and metropolitan Chicago, IL. Epidemiologic and genetic relationships have been demonstrated for angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensinogen (AGT). These genetically related populations live in highly contrasting social settings and a major focus of this project is how environment influences the expression of hypertension-related traits. Substantial differences in familial patterns have been identified in comparisons among the three population samples, suggesting gene-environment interactions. In this renewal phase the total sample will be increased to 6,000 family members. To further elucidate the environmental pathways we will conduct a sub-study cross-classifying participants on the major risk determinants (ie, obesity and sodium intake) and examine gene-environment interactions directly. A genome scan will be used in linkage analysis to identify new chromosomal regions of interest. Two new candidate loci (adducin and beta-2 adrenergic receptor) will be examined and association studies will be conducted using single nucleotide polymorphisms. The full range of analytic tools, including segregation, linkage and cladistic analysis, will be used.
Keywords: African, African American, African Caribbean, environment associated hypertension, familial hypertension, family genetics, gene expression, genetic polymorphism, human population study, renin angiotensin system, blood pressure, body physical characteristic, cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, disease /disorder proneness /risk, genetic marker, genotype, linkage mapping, peptidyl dipeptidase A, phenotype, clinical chemistry, human genetic material tag, human subject, urinalysis
Project start date: 1995-09-30
Project end date: 2005-03-31
5R01HL053353-07 (2003): $528863
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
5R01HL053353-06 (2002): $599947
5R01HL053353-05 (2001): $671315
2R01HL053353-04 (2000): $637635
3R01HL053353-04S1 (2000): $67293
HYPERTENSION IN POPULATIONS OF WEST AFRICAN ORIGIN
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R37HL045508-16 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: NSS
Keywords: African, African American, African Caribbean, cardiovascular disorder epidemiology, disease /disorder proneness /risk, hypertension, racial /ethnic difference, aging, blood pressure, body composition, body physical activity, dietary sodium, disease /disorder etiology, genetic marker, geographic site, hormone metabolism, obesity, renin angiotensin system, rural area, socioenvironment, urban area, adult human (21+), human subject, interview, nutrition related tag, statistics /biometry
Project start date: 1991-03-15
Project end date: 2008-06-30
5R37HL045508-16 (2006): $318828
5R37HL045508-15 (2005): $472097
5R37HL045508-14 (2004): $469055
3R37HL045508-13S1 (2003): $48100
4R37HL045508-13 (2003): $416010
2R01HL045508-08 (1998): $301885
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
3R01HL045508-08S1 (1998): $54146
CLINICAL COURSE OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN BLACKS
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 2R01HL038557-10 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: ZRG4
Project start date: 1989-12-01
Project end date: 2000-03-31
2R01HL038557-10 (1996): $97324
HYPERTENSION IN POPULATIONS OF WEST AFRICAN ORIGIN
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R01HL045508-06 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: EDC
Project start date: 1991-03-15
Project end date: 1998-03-31
5R01HL045508-06 (1996): $279068
FIELD CENTER--GENETICS OF HYPERTENSION
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5U10HL054485-02 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: ZHL1
Project start date: 1995-09-05
Project end date: 2000-08-31
5U10HL054485-02 (1996): $316813
GENETICS OF HYPERTENSION IN BLACKS
Richard Stanley Cooper, Professor And Chairman
Loyola University Chicago 2160 S First Ave Maywood, Il 60153
Grant 5R01HL053353-02 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute IRG: EDC
Project start date: 1995-09-30
Project end date: 1998-08-31
5R01HL053353-02 (1996): $620122