HISPANIC COMMUNITY CHILDREN???S HEALTH STUDY OF LATINO YOUTH SOL-YOUTH
R Carmen
University Of North Carolina Chapel Hillcity: Chapel Hill country: United States (us)
Grant 5R01HL102130-02 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute
Keywords: 14 year old; Accounting; Acculturation; Adult; Aerobic; Affective; Age; aged; Anxiety; base; Behavior; Behavioral; biomarker; blood lipid; Blood Pressure; Body Image; boys; California; Cardiovascular Diseases; cardiovascular disorder risk; Cardiovascular system; Caregivers; Central American; Characteristics; Chicago; Child; Child health care; Childhood; Cities; Clinic; Clinical; Cognitive; Cohort Studies; Communities; community health study; Consumption; Country; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; depressive symptoms; design; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Diet good; Diet Habits; Dietary Practices; Eating; Eating Disorders; Educational Background; emerging adult; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Exhibits; experience; Family; fast food; fitness; Functional disorder; Future Generations; Generations; girls; Glucose; Health; Health behavior; Heterogeneity; Hispanics; Home environment; Hour; improved; Individual; Inflammation; instrument; Insulin Resistance; interest; intergenerational; intervention program; Interview; Interviewer; journal article; Latino; Life; Life Style; Lipids; Measures; Medical; Medical History; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Metabolic; Metabolic syndrome; Mexican Americans; migration; Modeling; Monitor; Multivariate Analysis; New York; Not Hispanic or Latino; novel; Obesity; obesity in children; obesity risk; Overweight; Parenting behavior; Parents; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Persons; Physical activity; Physical environment; Physicians; Play; Policies; policy implication; Population; population based; Positive Reinforcements; Prevalence; prevent; Prevention program; primary outcome; Problem behavior; programs; psychologic; psychosocial; Puberty; public health relevance; Puerto Rican; Questionnaires; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; sedentary; Self Concept; Self Efficacy; self esteem; social; Social support; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; Subgroup; symposium; Techniques; Testing; Time; Universities; Validation; Youth
Relevance: US Latino youth are more overweight or obese than non-Hispanic white youth and are at risk for lasting cardiovascular complications into adulthood. The present study will study a wide range of cultural factors (e.g., family environment, physical, social) associated with obesity in a sample of 1,600 Latino boys and girls aged 8-14 years old from the Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL and San Diego, CA. Findings from our study will inform practice and policy efforts to develop programs to prevent obesity in Latino youth and thus improve the health of future generations
Project start date: 2011-04-01
Project end date: 2014-11-30
Budget start date: 1-DEC-2011
Budget end date: 30-NOV-2012
5R01HL102130-02 (2012): $1734475
Sponsored Links Excellgen http://Excellgen.com
Grants awarded to R Carmen
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING XENOPUS SOMITOGENESIS
R Carmen, Professor And Associate Chair
San Francisco State Universitycity: San Francisco country: United States (us)
Grant 5SC3GM081165-04 from National Institute Of General Medical Sciences
Abstract: Somitogenesis consists of the segmentation and differentiation of the paraxial mesoderm into the skeletal muscle, axial skeleton and dermis of the adult. While many genes involved in regulating the periodic nature of somite formation have been characterized, the cell behaviors underlying this process remain poorly understood. The objective of this proposal is to determine the molecular mechanism underlying somite morphogenesis in the vertebrate Xenopus laevis. Our central hypothesis is that the secreted cytokine, stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), regulates Xenopus somite morphogenesis by activating the specific actin regulatory molecules RhoA, Rac1, or Cdc42. Specific support for this hypothesis is based on recent studies in zebrafish that showed that the cell behaviors associated with somite rotation (Hollway et al., 2007; Stellabote et al., 2007) are similar to those documented by our lab and others in Xenopus (Afonin et al., 2006). Furthermore, the secreted cytokine, stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), was shown to be required for the cell rearrangements associated with zebrafish somite rotation (Hollway et al., 2007), which is significant as it is the first signaling molecule shown to regulate somite rotation. In Xenopus, SDF-1 was shown to play a role in mesoderm migration during gastrulation (Fukui et al., 2006) and is expressed in axial tissues throughout early embryonic development (Braun et al., 2002). Thus, SDF-1 is present at the right time and place to play a role in somite morphogenesis. To test our central hypothesis, we will modulate SDF-1 signaling by using morpholinos to knockdown expression levels and in vivo mRNA injections to up-regulate protein levels of SDF-1 and its receptor, CXCR4, in the cell (aim 1). Previous studies have shown that SDF-1 signaling affects changes in cell behaviors by activating specific Rho GTPases (Tan et al., 2006). These actin regulatory molecules have been shown to play an important role in tissue remodeling and thus are likely downstream targets of the SDF-1 signaling pathway during somitogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we will determine whether SDF-1 signaling modulates the activity of specific Rho GTPases during Xenopus somitogenesis (aim 2). Another goal of this proposal is to introduce new molecular approaches that along with the existing expertise in imaging techniques will provide an excellent environment for training students, many of whom are underrepresented minorities (aim 3). Furthermore, we also developed a mentorship plan with three senior scientists (Drs. Amacher, Symes, and Weisblat) whose research expertise complements the objectives presented in this proposal and will increase the research productivity of our lab. Relevance to Public Health The proposed research is expected to provide critical information on how vertebrate somites are formed. This information will help in developing tools for diagnosing or preventing vertebral disorders such as scoliosis and other congenital spinal cord deformities
Keywords: Actins; Adult; Affect; Amphibia; Applications Grants; base; Binding (Molecular Function); cell behavior; Cells; Complement; Congenital Abnormality; CXCR4 Receptors; cytokine; Deformity; Dermis; Development; Developmental Biology; Diagnosis; Disease; DNA Sequence Rearrangement; Embryonic Development; Environment; Event; Evolution; Family; Fiber; Foundations; gastrulation; Genes; Goals; Guanosine Triphosphate Phosphohydrolases; Imaging Techniques; improved; in vivo; Injection of therapeutic agent; innovation; interest; knock-down; Laboratories; Lead; Mentorship; Mesoderm; Mesoderm Cell; Messenger RNA; migration; Molecular; Morphogenesis; Muscle; Nature; Paraxial Mesoderm; Play; prevent; Process; Productivity; progenitor; Proteins; public health medicine (field); receptor; Research; rho; rho GTP-Binding Proteins; Role; Rotation; scoliosis; Senior Scientist; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Signaling Molecule; Skeletal muscle structure; Skeleton; Somites; somitogenesis; Spinal; Spinal Cord; spine bone structure; Students; Techniques; Testing; Time; tissue culture; Tissues; tool; Training; Training and Education; Underrepresented Minority; Vertebrates; Work; Xenopus; Xenopus laevis; Zebrafish
Project start date: 2008-04-01
Project end date: 2012-03-31
Budget start date: 1-APR-2011
Budget end date: 31-MAR-2012
PFA/PA: PAR-06-493
5SC3GM081165-04 (2011): $103613
HISPANIC COMMUNITY CHILDREN???S HEALTH STUDY OF LATINO YOUTH SOL-YOUTH
R Carmen, Research Professor
University Of North Carolina Chapel Hillcity: Chapel Hill country: United States (us)
Grant 1R01HL102130-01A1 from National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute
Abstract: Overweight and obesity during childhood strongly influence the risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in adulthood. This study will be the first national study of overweight, obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors among Hispanic children (ages 8-14) living in the U.S. Specific Aims (1) Evaluate the influence of youth acculturation and intergenerational differences in acculturation between youth and parents on youth´s lifestyle behaviors and their cardiometabolic risk profiles; (2) Test the association of parenting strategies and practices with children´s lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic risk profiles; and, (3) Assess the influence of youths´ psychosocial functioning on youth lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic risk profiles. Research Design Researchers from five universities will recruit a sample of 1,600 boys and girls ages 8 to 14 with at least one parent participating in the Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS/Study of Latino Health (SOL). SOL is a multi-center epidemiologic study of 16,000 Hispanic/Latino adults (ages 18-74) designed to determine the role of acculturation in the prevalence and development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and to identify risk factors playing a protective or harmful role in determining the health of Hispanics/Latino adults. Data Collection Participants in the proposed SOL Children´s Study (SOL-Youth) will undergo a single 3-hour clinical examination and seven days of physical activity monitoring. During the clinical examination, youth will complete an interviewer-administered questionnaire assessing acculturation, pubertal development, psychological functioning, physical activity, diet, and family meal patterns. A substudy will be conducted to provide validation of participants´ self reports of pubertal status. Clinic staff will collect anthropometric, blood pressure, and blood lipid data from youth and participants will complete an aerobic fitness test. Data on novel biomarkers, including measures of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and adipocytokines, will also be obtained. Data on the parents of participating youth will be obtained primarily from existing data collected by the adult HCHS/SOL study, combined with new data obtained from parents on their children´s medical histories and parenting strategies to promote a healthy home environment. Analyses Statisticians at the coordinating center will analyze centrally stored data proceeding from bivariate analyses of the relationship between acculturation measures and our primary outcomes of interest - cardiometabolic risk factors and life style behaviors - to multivariate analyses using regression techniques. Implications Detailed parent and child data on risk and protective factors will provide the basis for the development of prevention and intervention programs to improve the health of Hispanic/Latino children from middle childhood to early adulthood. Results will be disseminated to professional and lay communities through journal articles, conference presentations, and the press. A limited use dataset will also be publicly released. U.S. Latino youth are more overweight or obese than non-Hispanic white youth and are at risk for lasting cardiovascular complications into adulthood. The present study will study a wide range of cultural factors (e.g., family environment, physical, social) associated with obesity in a sample of 1,600 Latino boys and girls aged 8-14 years old from the Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL and San Diego, CA. Findings from our study will inform practice and policy efforts to develop programs to prevent obesity in Latino youth and thus improve the health of future generations
Keywords: 14 year old; Accounting; Acculturation; Adult; Aerobic; Affective; Age; aged; Anxiety; base; Behavior; Behavioral; biomarker; blood lipid; Blood Pressure; Body Image; boys; California; Cardiovascular Diseases; cardiovascular disorder risk; Cardiovascular system; Caregivers; Central American; Characteristics; Chicago; Child; Child health care; Childhood; Cities; Clinic; Clinical; Cognitive; Cohort Studies; Communities; community health study; Consumption; Country; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; depressive symptoms; design; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Diet good; Diet Habits; Dietary Practices; Eating; Eating Disorders; Educational Background; emerging adult; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Exhibits; experience; Family; fast food; fitness; Functional disorder; Future Generations; Generations; girls; Glucose; Health; Health behavior; Heterogeneity; Hispanics; Home environment; Hour; improved; Individual; Inflammation; instrument; Insulin Resistance; interest; intergenerational; intervention program; Interview; Interviewer; journal article; Latino; Life; Life Style; Lipids; Measures; Medical; Medical History; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Metabolic; Metabolic syndrome; Mexican Americans; migration; Modeling; Monitor; Multivariate Analysis; New York; Not Hispanic or Latino; novel; Obesity; obesity in children; obesity risk; Overweight; Parenting behavior; Parents; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Persons; Physical activity; Physical environment; Physicians; Play; Policies; policy implication; Population; population based; Positive Reinforcements; Prevalence; prevent; Prevention program; primary outcome; Problem behavior; programs; psychologic; psychosocial; Puberty; Puerto Rican; Questionnaires; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; sedentary; Self Concept; Self Efficacy; self esteem; social; Social support; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; Subgroup; symposium; Techniques; Testing; Time; Universities; Validation; Youth
Relevance: U.S. Latino youth are more overweight or obese than non-Hispanic white youth and are at risk for lasting cardiovascular complications into adulthood. The present study will study a wide range of cultural factors (e.g., family environment, physical, social) associated with obesity in a sample of 1,600 Latino boys and girls aged 8-14 years old from the Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL and San Diego, CA. Findings from our study will inform practice and policy efforts to develop programs to prevent obesity in Latino youth and thus improve the health of future generations
Project start date: 2011-04-01
Project end date: 2014-11-30
Budget start date: 1-APR-2011
Budget end date: 30-NOV-2011
PFA/PA: PA-10-067
1R01HL102130-01A1 (2011): $1982319